Eficiência de reforços em madeira lamelada colada cruzada
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A madeira é o mais antigo material construtivo, porém por muitos anos teve sua aplicação limitada. Com o avanço da tecnologia e a busca por materiais mais sustentáveis, a madeira voltou a ganhar espaço no mercado da construção civil por meio de produtos de madeira engenheirada. Entre os principais produtos podemos destacar a madeira lamelada colada (MLC) ou glued laminated timber (GLULAM) e a madeira lamelada colada cruzada (MLCC) ou cross laminated timber (CLT). Por se tratar de produtos à base de madeira, que apresentam alta variabilidade e estão sujeitos a defeitos intrínsecos, as propriedades finais do material podem ser afetadas e até mesmo reduzidas. Sendo importante aumentar a resistência para utilização na construção civil por meio do emprego de reforços de fibra na estrutura. Assim, este estudo foi estruturado em quatro capítulos, sendo o primeiro de revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais aspectos da MLCC, a madeira de pinus e os componentes de reforço para estruturas. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se uma análise dos materiais utilizados na fabricação de elementos reforçados por colagem. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira de pinus, bem como as características do adesivo poliuretano de mamona e dos materiais de reforço, como fibra de juta, Vectran e bambu. No terceiro capítulo foi avaliada a resistência de madeira lamelada colada reforçada com bambu submetida à ensaio de flexão. No quarto capítulo, foram fabricados painéis de madeira lamelada colada cruzada com dimensões de 6,4 cm × 33 cm × 55 cm (espessura × largura × comprimento). Esses painéis foram reforçados com três tipos diferentes de fibras: duas naturais (juta e bambu) e uma sintética (Vectran). Foram então realizadas avaliações das propriedades mecânicas, incluindo resistência à flexão, a resistência à compressão, resistência ao cisalhamento e a densidade aparente, bem como análise do modo de ruptura. De maneira geral, a introdução de reforço resultou em um aumento da resistência à flexão da madeira colada. Especificamente, as fibras de juta e Vectran demonstraram proporcionar um aumento significativo na resistência à flexão e ao cisalhamento perpendicular à linha de cola. Assim como esperado, a aplicação de reforço não teve impacto na resistência à compressão. O cisalhamento rolling shear, delaminação e tração são os principais modos de ruptura da MLCC. Além disso, a aplicação de reforços altera o modo de falha dos elementos colados. Assim, a utilização de reforços de fibra, tanto natural quanto sintética, em MLCC proporciona ganhos de resistência à flexão e alterações na ruptura, sendo uma alternativa para melhorar materiais de baixa resistência. Palavras-chave: Colagem de madeira; Propriedades mecânicas; Fibras; Adesivo.
Wood is the oldest construction material, but for many years its application was limited. With the advancement of technology and the search for more sustainable materials, wood has once again gained space in the construction market through engineered wood products. Among the main products we can highlight glued laminated timber (GLULAM) and cross laminated timber (CLT). As these are wood- based products, which present high variability and are subject to intrinsic defects, the final properties of the material can be affected and even reduced. It is important to increase resistance for use in civil construction through the use of fiber reinforcements in the structure. Thus, this study was structured into four chapters, the first being a bibliographic review on the main aspects of CLT, pine wood and reinforcement components for structures. In the second chapter, an analysis of the materials used in the manufacture of elements reinforced by gluing was carried out. The physical and mechanical properties of pine wood were evaluated, as well as the characteristics of castor bean polyurethane adhesive and reinforcement materials, such as jute fiber, Vectran and bamboo. In the third chapter, the resistance of glued laminated timber reinforced with bamboo subjected to flexural testing was evaluated. In the fourth chapter, cross laminated timber panels with dimensions of 6,4 cm × 33 cm × 55 cm (thickness × width × length) were manufactured. These panels were reinforced with three different types of fibers: two natural (jute and bamboo) and one synthetic (Vectran). Assessments of mechanical properties were then carried out, including flexural strength, compressive strength, shear strength and apparent density, as well as analysis of the rupture mode. In general, the introduction of reinforcement resulted in an increase in the flexural strength of glued wood. Specifically, jute and Vectran fibers have been shown to provide a significant increase in flexural and shear strength perpendicular to the glue line. As expected, the application of reinforcement had no impact on compressive strength. Rolling shear, delamination and tension are the main failure modes of CLT. Furthermore, the application of reinforcements changes the failure mode of the glued elements. Thus, the use of fiber reinforcements, both natural and synthetic, in CLT provides gains in flexural strength and changes in rupture, being an alternative to improving low- resistance materials. Keywords: Wood collage; Mechanical properties; Fibers; Adhesive.
Wood is the oldest construction material, but for many years its application was limited. With the advancement of technology and the search for more sustainable materials, wood has once again gained space in the construction market through engineered wood products. Among the main products we can highlight glued laminated timber (GLULAM) and cross laminated timber (CLT). As these are wood- based products, which present high variability and are subject to intrinsic defects, the final properties of the material can be affected and even reduced. It is important to increase resistance for use in civil construction through the use of fiber reinforcements in the structure. Thus, this study was structured into four chapters, the first being a bibliographic review on the main aspects of CLT, pine wood and reinforcement components for structures. In the second chapter, an analysis of the materials used in the manufacture of elements reinforced by gluing was carried out. The physical and mechanical properties of pine wood were evaluated, as well as the characteristics of castor bean polyurethane adhesive and reinforcement materials, such as jute fiber, Vectran and bamboo. In the third chapter, the resistance of glued laminated timber reinforced with bamboo subjected to flexural testing was evaluated. In the fourth chapter, cross laminated timber panels with dimensions of 6,4 cm × 33 cm × 55 cm (thickness × width × length) were manufactured. These panels were reinforced with three different types of fibers: two natural (jute and bamboo) and one synthetic (Vectran). Assessments of mechanical properties were then carried out, including flexural strength, compressive strength, shear strength and apparent density, as well as analysis of the rupture mode. In general, the introduction of reinforcement resulted in an increase in the flexural strength of glued wood. Specifically, jute and Vectran fibers have been shown to provide a significant increase in flexural and shear strength perpendicular to the glue line. As expected, the application of reinforcement had no impact on compressive strength. Rolling shear, delamination and tension are the main failure modes of CLT. Furthermore, the application of reinforcements changes the failure mode of the glued elements. Thus, the use of fiber reinforcements, both natural and synthetic, in CLT provides gains in flexural strength and changes in rupture, being an alternative to improving low- resistance materials. Keywords: Wood collage; Mechanical properties; Fibers; Adhesive.
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LOPES, Nayara Franzini. Eficiência de reforços em madeira lamelada colada cruzada. 2023. 115 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
