Preparo e avaliação compósito magnético Tio 2-hidróxido duplo lamelar-óxido de ferro na degradação fotocatalítica de fenol
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Neste trabalho foi preparado o HDL magnético calcinado 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 constituído a partir do hidróxido duplo lamelar ternário (Mg, Zn e Al) impregnado com nanopartículas de TiO 2 e óxido de ferro. O TiO 2 é um dos materiais semicondutores mais apropriado para ser utilizado como um fotocatalisador no processo de fotocatálise heterogênea. No entanto, a eficiência na degradação de contaminantes orgânicos em água com o TiO 2 pode ser melhorada através da síntese de compósitos. Estudos recentes têm mostrado que a formação de compósitos de argilas aniônicas conhecidas como hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDLs) com TiO 2 , proporciona um aumento significativo na degradação de contaminantes orgânicos. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar o Hidróxido Duplo Lamelar de MgZnAl com diferentes proporções de zinco (Zn) que compõe o HDL de MgZnAl, de TiO 2 (TiO 2 /MgZnAl) e a incorporado do óxido de ferro (Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl), o que o torna paramagnético. O compósito de Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl na sua forma calcinada teve sua eficiência avaliada na fotodegradação do fenol. A síntese do compósito Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl foi feita com o HDL numa razão molar (Zn+Mg):Al:Ti igual a 2:1:1 em presença de NaOH e Na 2 CO 3 , utilizando o método de coprecipitação a pH variável. O material sintetizado foi calcinado a 500 ºC por 4 horas em forno mufla. O estudo de fotodegradação do fenol foi feito em um reator fotoquímico anular, constituído por uma lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio de 125W (sem o bulbo protetor), envolvido por um cilindro de vidro. O compósito fotocatalisador calcinado foi designado pela fórmula TiO 2 /MgZnAl-R, onde R representa o valor aproximado dá razão molar em porcentagem de Zn 2+ em substituição a Mg 2+ de 0, 1, 5, 10 ou 15%. A melhor proporção de TiO 2 incorporado ao HDL (TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) foi avaliada em mols de Ti (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 3,0), sendo o produto designado como Y-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5, no qual Y indica o conteúdo de Ti. O magneticamente recuperado fotocatalisador foi rotulado de Z-Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5, onde Z = 0,25; 0,5; 0,75 e 1,0 mol de Fe. O fotocatalisador foi avaliado na fotodegradação de 300 mL de solução de fenol 50 mg L -1 , pH = 5,2 (natural da solução), na presença de 300 mg do fotocatalisador, sendo inicialmente mantido sob agitação por 60 min para atingir o equilíbrio de adsorção e posteriormente por mais 360 min sob irradiação. Em intervalos de tempos de 60 mim foram retiradas alíquotas de 3 mL da solução do fenol e analisada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. O fotocatalisador 0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 apresentou após 360 min de reação uma eficiência na remoção de fenol de 83,71%. A incorporação de óxido de ferro (Fe) no compósito melhorou seu desempenho fotocatalítico, sendo que o 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 removeu 99% do fenol. Os estudos de reutilização do 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 mostraram uma eficiência fotocatalítica de 99%, 90%, 89%, 86% e 74%, do primeiro ao quinto ciclo de reutilização, respectivamente. O fotocatalisador pode ser facilmente separado da solução aquosa para reutilização por simples aplicação de um campo magnético externo. Além disso o 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 foi aplicado no tratamento de um efluente de indústria de papel e celulose que contém naturalmente fenol, p-nitrofenol e p-cresol. O fotocatalisador (1,0-Fe/0,5- TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) permite a remoção de 74% dos compostos fenólicos naturalmente contidos (2,4 mg L -1 ) no efluente. No efluente fortificado de 12,0 e 52,8 mg L -1 foram removidos 61 e 90%, respectivamente. O carbono orgânico total (COT) foi realizado na amostra de efluente fortificados de 52,8 mg L -1 , onde obteve-se a mineralização de 77%. Portanto, o 1,0-Fe/0,5- TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 demostrou resultados satisfatório quando aplicado no tratamento de efluente de indústria de papel e celulose. Palavras-chave: HDL. Fotodegradação. Óxido de ferro. Fenol.
In this work, the calcined magnetic HDL 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 was prepared from the ternary double lamelar hydroxide (Mg, Zn and Al) impregnated with TiO 2 nanoparticles and iron oxide. TiO 2 is one of the most suitable semicondutor materials to be used as a photocatalyst in the heterogeneous photocatalysis process. However, the efficiency in the degradation of organic contaminants in water with TiO 2 can be improved through the synthesis of composites. Recent studies have shown that the formation of anionic clay composites known as double lamelar hydroxides (HDLs) with TiO 2 provides a significant increase in the degradation of organic contaminants. Thus, the objective of this work was to synthesize MgZnAl Double Lamellar Hydroxide with different proportions of zinc (Zn) that make up MgZnAl HDL, TiO 2 (TiO 2 /MgZnAl) and the incorporation of iron oxide (Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl), which makes it paramagnetic. The Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl composite in its calcined form had its efficiency evaluated in the photodegradation of phenol. The synthesis of the Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl composite was performed with HDL in a molar ratio (Zn + Mg): Al: Ti equal to 2: 1: 1 in the presence of NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 , using the variable pH coprecipitation method. The synthesized material was calcined at 500ºC for 4 hours in a muffle furnace. The photodegradation study of phenol was carried out in na annular photochemical reactor, consisting of a 125W mercury vapor lamp (without the protective bulb), surrounded by a glass cylinder. The calcined photocatalyst composite was designated by the formula TiO 2 /MgZnAl-R, where R representes the approximate molar ratio in percentage of Zn 2+ replacing Mg 2+ of 0, 1,5, 10 or 15%. The best proportion of TiO 2 incorporated into HDL (TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) was evaluated in Ti moles (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0), the product being designated as Y-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5, where Y indicates the content of Ti. The magnetically recovered photocatalyst was labeled Z-Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl- 5, where Z = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mol of Fe. The photocatalyst was evaluated in the photodegradation of 300 mL of 50 mgL -1 phenol solution, pH = 5.2 (natural in the solution), in the presence of 300 mg of the photocatalyst, being initially kept under agitation for 60 min to reach the adsorption equilibrium and later for another 360 min under irradiation. At 60-minute intervals, 3 mL aliquots were removed from the phenol solution and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The photocatalyst 0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed, after 360 min of reaction, an efficiency in the removal of phenol of 83,71%. The incorporation of iron oxide (Fe) in the composite improved its photocatalytic performance, with 1.0-Fe/0.5- TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 removed 99% of the phenol. Reuse studies of 1.0-Fe/0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed a decrease in photocatalytic efficiency of 99%, 90%, 89%, 86% and 74%, from the first to the fifth cycle of reuse, respectively. The photocatalyst can be easily separated from the aqueous solution for reuse by simply applying an external magnetic field. In addition, 1,0- Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 was applied in the treatment of na effluent from the paper and cellulose industry that naturally contains phenol, p-nitrophenol and p-cresol. The photocatalyst (1.0- Fe/0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) allows the removal of 74% of the phenolic compounds naturally contained (2.4 mgL -1 ) in the effluent. In the effluent fortified with a mixture of phenolic of 12.0 and 52.8 mgL -1 , 61 and 90%, respectively, were removed. Total organic carbon (TOC) was made in the effluent fortified with phenolic compounds at a concentration of 52.8 mgL -1 , where 77% mineralization was obtained. Therefore, 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed satisfactory results when applied to the wastewater treatment of the paper and cellulose industry. Keywords: LDH. Photodegradation. Iron oxide. Phenol.
In this work, the calcined magnetic HDL 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 was prepared from the ternary double lamelar hydroxide (Mg, Zn and Al) impregnated with TiO 2 nanoparticles and iron oxide. TiO 2 is one of the most suitable semicondutor materials to be used as a photocatalyst in the heterogeneous photocatalysis process. However, the efficiency in the degradation of organic contaminants in water with TiO 2 can be improved through the synthesis of composites. Recent studies have shown that the formation of anionic clay composites known as double lamelar hydroxides (HDLs) with TiO 2 provides a significant increase in the degradation of organic contaminants. Thus, the objective of this work was to synthesize MgZnAl Double Lamellar Hydroxide with different proportions of zinc (Zn) that make up MgZnAl HDL, TiO 2 (TiO 2 /MgZnAl) and the incorporation of iron oxide (Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl), which makes it paramagnetic. The Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl composite in its calcined form had its efficiency evaluated in the photodegradation of phenol. The synthesis of the Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl composite was performed with HDL in a molar ratio (Zn + Mg): Al: Ti equal to 2: 1: 1 in the presence of NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 , using the variable pH coprecipitation method. The synthesized material was calcined at 500ºC for 4 hours in a muffle furnace. The photodegradation study of phenol was carried out in na annular photochemical reactor, consisting of a 125W mercury vapor lamp (without the protective bulb), surrounded by a glass cylinder. The calcined photocatalyst composite was designated by the formula TiO 2 /MgZnAl-R, where R representes the approximate molar ratio in percentage of Zn 2+ replacing Mg 2+ of 0, 1,5, 10 or 15%. The best proportion of TiO 2 incorporated into HDL (TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) was evaluated in Ti moles (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0), the product being designated as Y-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5, where Y indicates the content of Ti. The magnetically recovered photocatalyst was labeled Z-Fe/TiO 2 /MgZnAl- 5, where Z = 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mol of Fe. The photocatalyst was evaluated in the photodegradation of 300 mL of 50 mgL -1 phenol solution, pH = 5.2 (natural in the solution), in the presence of 300 mg of the photocatalyst, being initially kept under agitation for 60 min to reach the adsorption equilibrium and later for another 360 min under irradiation. At 60-minute intervals, 3 mL aliquots were removed from the phenol solution and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The photocatalyst 0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed, after 360 min of reaction, an efficiency in the removal of phenol of 83,71%. The incorporation of iron oxide (Fe) in the composite improved its photocatalytic performance, with 1.0-Fe/0.5- TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 removed 99% of the phenol. Reuse studies of 1.0-Fe/0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed a decrease in photocatalytic efficiency of 99%, 90%, 89%, 86% and 74%, from the first to the fifth cycle of reuse, respectively. The photocatalyst can be easily separated from the aqueous solution for reuse by simply applying an external magnetic field. In addition, 1,0- Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 was applied in the treatment of na effluent from the paper and cellulose industry that naturally contains phenol, p-nitrophenol and p-cresol. The photocatalyst (1.0- Fe/0.5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5) allows the removal of 74% of the phenolic compounds naturally contained (2.4 mgL -1 ) in the effluent. In the effluent fortified with a mixture of phenolic of 12.0 and 52.8 mgL -1 , 61 and 90%, respectively, were removed. Total organic carbon (TOC) was made in the effluent fortified with phenolic compounds at a concentration of 52.8 mgL -1 , where 77% mineralization was obtained. Therefore, 1,0-Fe/0,5-TiO 2 /MgZnAl-5 showed satisfactory results when applied to the wastewater treatment of the paper and cellulose industry. Keywords: LDH. Photodegradation. Iron oxide. Phenol.
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Citation
OLIVEIRA, Claudinéia Rosa da Silva. Preparo e avaliação compósito magnético Tio 2-hidróxido duplo lamelar-óxido de ferro na degradação fotocatalítica de fenol. 2020. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
