Acompanhamento da produção de cachaça orgânica e conservação do fermento artesanal
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Data
2023-09-14
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cachaça é um produto típico brasileiro, obtido pela destilação do caldo de cana fermentado, tendo graduação alcoólica entre 38% (v/v) e 48% (v/v). O processo pode ser classificado de acordo a sua obtenção: cachaça de alambique: quando utilizado o alambique na sua destilação, cachaça de coluna quando se utiliza coluna de aço inox no processo e cachaça orgânica quando produzida com meios sustentáveis. A cachaça orgânica, é produzida a partir de matérias-primas cultivadas sem o uso de químicos como agrotóxicos ou fertilizantes químicos, e com processos de produção nos quais não se faz uso de químicos como acidulantes, antiespumantes ou suplementos para acelerar o processo. Além disso, a fábrica destinada à produção orgânica reutiliza e redireciona resíduos para reaproveitamento durante o processo visando reduzir os impactos ambientais gerados e garantir a qualidade do produto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar as práticas e os processos fermentativos de produção de cachaça orgânica, associando a qualidade físico- química e microbiológica do caldo fermentado e realizar a conservação do fermento presente. Desta forma a primeira parte deste trabalho consiste em avaliar e descrever práticas do processo produtivo de cachaça orgânica, técnicas e dificuldades, identificando possíveis não conformidades do processo que possam levar a perda de qualidade e padrão dos produtos. Já á segunda etapa da pesquisa consistiu em acompanhar o processo de produção da cachaça nas etapas de preparação do pé- de-cuba e fermentação, avaliando parâmetros físico-químicos como TSS – teor de sólidos solúveis (°Brix), pH, teor alcoólico, acidez total, acidez volátil, e microbiológicos: como mesofilos, leveduras e bactérias láticas para verificação da qualidade da fermentação. Na terceira etapa, consta a conservação do fermento presente em campo através de técnicas de secagem por atomização (spray drying) e liofilização. Com base nos nossos estudos foi possível identificar que o produtor utiliza de técnicas que visa sustentabilidade como reaproveitamento de resíduos para geração de subprodutos como etanol a partir de cabeça e calda, e em outras atividades como o bagaço, a vinhaça, água de resfriamento, para atividades como ração para gado, fertirrigação e limpeza. Durante a execução do projeto foi possível observar que a ocorrência de problemas fermentativos se deve a falta de controle de processo, sobrecarga de atividades a um funcionário, e a falta de documentos como manual de boas práticas, fluxograma de atividades, e Pops (procedimentos Operacionais Padronizado), que pode ser solucionado com treinamentos e aplicação das ferramentas de qualidade. Durante o acompanhamento do processo de produção da cachaça orgânica, foram aplicadas técnicas de boas praticas de fabricação, no qual resultou em um produto que atende os padrões de identidade e qualidade da cachaça. As amostras de fermento submetidas a secagem apresentaram umidade menor que 5%, e taxa de perca de viabilidade ate 20% durante o período de armazenamento em ultrafrezzer (-80°C). A partir deste estudo podemos concluir que a fábrica de cachaça, é de produção orgânica, pois aplica técnicas e atividades de sustentabilidade, além de não realizarem o uso de químicos na cadeia produtiva, e que problemas na fermentação podem ser resolvidos através de controle de processo, e programação de atividades para dias semanais trabalhados e fim de semana. A conservação de fermento pode ser eficiente e auxiliar produtores durante a safra pois através de cultura presentes pode trazer estabilidade de processo e produto padronizado. Palavras-Chave: Sustentabilidade; Processo fermentativo; Secagem de fermento.
Cachaça is a typical Brazilian product, obtained by the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice, with an alcohol content between 38% (v/v) and 48% (v/v). The process can be classified according to how it is obtained: still cachaça: when the still is used in its distillation, column cachaça when a stainless steel column is used in the process and organic cachaça when produced with sustainable means. Organic cachaça is produced from raw materials grown without the use of chemicals such as pesticides or chemical fertilizers, and with production processes in which chemicals such as acidulants, anti-foaming agents or supplements are not used to speed up the process. Furthermore, the factory destined for organic production reuses and redirects waste for reuse during the process to reduce the environmental impacts generated and guarantee product quality. This work aimed to monitor the practices and fermentative processes of organic cachaça production, associating the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of the fermented broth and preserving the yeast present. Therefore, the first part of this work consists of evaluating and describing practices in the organic cachaça production process, techniques and difficulties, identifying possible non-conformities in the process that could lead to loss of quality and standard of the products. The second stage of the research consisted of monitoring the cachaça production process in the stages of preparation of the cachaça and fermentation, evaluating physical-chemical parameters such as TSS – soluble solids content (°Brix), pH, alcoholic content, total acidity, volatile acidity, and microbiological: such as mesophylls, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria to check the quality of fermentation. The third stage involves preserving the yeast present in the field through spray drying and freeze drying techniques. Based on our studies, it was possible to identify that the producer uses techniques aimed at sustainability, such as reusing waste to generate by-products such as ethanol from head and syrup, and in other activities such as bagasse, vinasse, cooling water, to activities such as cattle feed, fertigation and cleaning. During the execution of the project, it was possible to observe that the occurrence of fermentative problems is due to the lack of process control, overload of activities for an employee, and the lack of documents such as best practices manual, activity flowchart, and Pops (Operational Procedures). Standardized), which can be solved with training and application of quality tools. During monitoring of the organic cachaça production process, good manufacturing practice techniques were applied, which resulted in a product that meets the identity and quality standards of cachaça. The yeast samples subjected to drying showed humidity below 5%, and a viability loss rate of up to 20% during the period of storage in an ultrafrezzer (-80°C). From this study we can conclude that the cachaça factory is organically produced, as it applies sustainability techniques and activities, in addition to not using chemicals in the production chain, and that problems in fermentation can be solved through process control. , and programming of activities for weekly days worked and weekends. Yeast conservation can be efficient and help producers during the harvest because through present cultures it can bring process stability and standardized product. keywords: Sustainability; Fermentation process; Yeast drying.
Cachaça is a typical Brazilian product, obtained by the distillation of fermented sugarcane juice, with an alcohol content between 38% (v/v) and 48% (v/v). The process can be classified according to how it is obtained: still cachaça: when the still is used in its distillation, column cachaça when a stainless steel column is used in the process and organic cachaça when produced with sustainable means. Organic cachaça is produced from raw materials grown without the use of chemicals such as pesticides or chemical fertilizers, and with production processes in which chemicals such as acidulants, anti-foaming agents or supplements are not used to speed up the process. Furthermore, the factory destined for organic production reuses and redirects waste for reuse during the process to reduce the environmental impacts generated and guarantee product quality. This work aimed to monitor the practices and fermentative processes of organic cachaça production, associating the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of the fermented broth and preserving the yeast present. Therefore, the first part of this work consists of evaluating and describing practices in the organic cachaça production process, techniques and difficulties, identifying possible non-conformities in the process that could lead to loss of quality and standard of the products. The second stage of the research consisted of monitoring the cachaça production process in the stages of preparation of the cachaça and fermentation, evaluating physical-chemical parameters such as TSS – soluble solids content (°Brix), pH, alcoholic content, total acidity, volatile acidity, and microbiological: such as mesophylls, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria to check the quality of fermentation. The third stage involves preserving the yeast present in the field through spray drying and freeze drying techniques. Based on our studies, it was possible to identify that the producer uses techniques aimed at sustainability, such as reusing waste to generate by-products such as ethanol from head and syrup, and in other activities such as bagasse, vinasse, cooling water, to activities such as cattle feed, fertigation and cleaning. During the execution of the project, it was possible to observe that the occurrence of fermentative problems is due to the lack of process control, overload of activities for an employee, and the lack of documents such as best practices manual, activity flowchart, and Pops (Operational Procedures). Standardized), which can be solved with training and application of quality tools. During monitoring of the organic cachaça production process, good manufacturing practice techniques were applied, which resulted in a product that meets the identity and quality standards of cachaça. The yeast samples subjected to drying showed humidity below 5%, and a viability loss rate of up to 20% during the period of storage in an ultrafrezzer (-80°C). From this study we can conclude that the cachaça factory is organically produced, as it applies sustainability techniques and activities, in addition to not using chemicals in the production chain, and that problems in fermentation can be solved through process control. , and programming of activities for weekly days worked and weekends. Yeast conservation can be efficient and help producers during the harvest because through present cultures it can bring process stability and standardized product. keywords: Sustainability; Fermentation process; Yeast drying.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cachaça, Fermentação, Compostos orgânicos, Resíduos - Reaproveitamento, Sustentabilidade
Citação
Ramos, Neuza Marques. Acompanhamento da produção de cachaça orgânica e conservação do fermento artesanal. 2023. 93 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.