Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade herbicida de derivados do ácido de meldrum
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O desenvolvimento de novas classes de agroquímicos se deve, entre outros motivos, à necessidade de aumentar a produtividade das lavouras, ao desenvolvimento de mecanismos de resistência pelas pragas agrícolas e à preocupação com a preservação do meio ambiente. O ácido de Meldrum possui uma vasta aplicação como material de partida, além de possuir uma estrutura bastante dinâmica e versátil. Seus derivados C-acilados apresentam interessante atividade inibidora de fosfatases envolvidas no ciclo celular, atividades inibidoras do fotossistema II envolvido no processo de fotossíntese e atividades citotóxicas. Logo, dentro desse contexto, estes compostos apresentam viabilidade para se tornar uma nova classe de herbicidas, ainda que existam poucas pesquisas que visam explorar as potenciais atividades biológicas destes derivados. Desta forma, a obtenção de novos dados experimentais que corroborem com a possível descoberta de uma nova classe de herbicidas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização e avaliação da atividade fitotóxica (empregando ensaios de germinação) de uma série de derivados C-acilados do ácido de Meldrum: 6-Hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-5-estearoil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2a), 6-Hidróxi-2,2- dimetil-5-palmitoil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2b), 6-Hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-5-palmitoil-4H-1,3- dioxin-4-ona (2c), 5-Dodecanoil-6-hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2d), 6- Hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-5-octanoil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona dimetil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2f), (2e), 5-Hexanoil-6-hidróxi-2,2- 5-Butiril-6-hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2g) e 5-Acetil-6-hidróxi-2,2-dimetil-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-ona (2h). Os produtos sólidos (2a- d) foram purificados por recristalização empregando metanol como solvente e os rendimentos obtidos foram 89% para 2a, 64% para 2b, 93% para 2c e 92% para 2d. Os produtos oleosos (2e-h) foram filtrados através de coluna de sílica gel e os rendimentos obtidos foram de 91 % para 2e, 94% para 2f, 81% para 2g e 74% para 2h. Todos os produtos foram caracterizados através de espectroscopia no infravermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1 H e 13 C. A avaliação da atividade herbicida dos compostos 2a-g foi realizada através de testes de germinação com sementes de cebola (Allium cepa) e pepino (Cucumis sativus). Foi observado que estes compostos inibem o crescimento das sementes de cebola (monocotiledônea) enquanto estimulam o crescimento das sementes de pepino (dicotiledônea). Palavras-chave: C-acilação. Ensaios de germinação. Compostos tricarbonílicos.
The development of new classes of agrochemicals is due, among other reasons, to the need to increase the productivity crops, the development of resistance mechanisms of agricultural pests and the concern with the preservation of the environment. Meldrum’s acid has a wide application as a starting material, in addition to have a very dynamic and versatile structure. It’s C-acilate derivatives have have an interesting inhibitory activity on phosphatases involved in the cell cycle, inhibitory activities on photosystem II involved in photosynthesis process and cytotoxic activities. Therefore, within this context, these compounds are viable to become a new class of herbicides, although there is a little research aimed to exploring the potential biological activity of these derivates. In this way, obtaining new experimental data that corroborate the possible discovery of a new class of herbicides. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the phytotoxic activity (using germination tests) of a series of C-acylated derivatives of the acid of Meldrum: 6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-stearoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2a), 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5- palmitoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2b), 6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-5-tetradecanoyl-4H-1,3- dioxin-4-one (2c), 5-dodecanoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2d), 6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-octanoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2e), 5-hexanoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2f), 5-butyryl-6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2g) and 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- 4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2h). The solid products (2a-d) were purified by recrystallization using methanol as solvent and the obtained yields were 89% for 2a, 64% for 2b, 93% for 2c and 92% for 2d. The oily products (2e-h) were filtered through a silica gel column and the yields obtained were 91% for 2e, 94% for 2f, 81% for 2g and 74% for 2h. All products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The evaluation of the herbicidal activity of compounds 2a-g was carried out through germination tests with onion (Allium cepa) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds. These compounds have been observed to inhibit the growth of onion seeds (monocots) while stimulating the growth of cucumber seeds (dicots). Keywords: C-acylation. Germination tests. Tricarbonyl compounds.
The development of new classes of agrochemicals is due, among other reasons, to the need to increase the productivity crops, the development of resistance mechanisms of agricultural pests and the concern with the preservation of the environment. Meldrum’s acid has a wide application as a starting material, in addition to have a very dynamic and versatile structure. It’s C-acilate derivatives have have an interesting inhibitory activity on phosphatases involved in the cell cycle, inhibitory activities on photosystem II involved in photosynthesis process and cytotoxic activities. Therefore, within this context, these compounds are viable to become a new class of herbicides, although there is a little research aimed to exploring the potential biological activity of these derivates. In this way, obtaining new experimental data that corroborate the possible discovery of a new class of herbicides. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the phytotoxic activity (using germination tests) of a series of C-acylated derivatives of the acid of Meldrum: 6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-stearoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2a), 6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5- palmitoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2b), 6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-5-tetradecanoyl-4H-1,3- dioxin-4-one (2c), 5-dodecanoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2d), 6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-5-octanoyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2e), 5-hexanoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2f), 5-butyryl-6- hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4- one (2g) and 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl- 4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one (2h). The solid products (2a-d) were purified by recrystallization using methanol as solvent and the obtained yields were 89% for 2a, 64% for 2b, 93% for 2c and 92% for 2d. The oily products (2e-h) were filtered through a silica gel column and the yields obtained were 91% for 2e, 94% for 2f, 81% for 2g and 74% for 2h. All products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and 1 H and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The evaluation of the herbicidal activity of compounds 2a-g was carried out through germination tests with onion (Allium cepa) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seeds. These compounds have been observed to inhibit the growth of onion seeds (monocots) while stimulating the growth of cucumber seeds (dicots). Keywords: C-acylation. Germination tests. Tricarbonyl compounds.
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OLIVEIRA, Renan Lima de. Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade herbicida de derivados do ácido de meldrum. 2021. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
