Características individuais e indicadores de saúde mental em adolescentes de Viçosa – MG: um estudo de associações e intervenção virtual de exercícios físicos
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2023-03-28
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi associar as características individuais – sexo, atividade física (AF), tempo de tela (TT), qualidade do sono (QS) e gordura corporal (GC) – com indicadores de saúde mental – sintomas de depressão (SD), ansiedade (SA) e estresse (SE) – em adolescentes da rede de ensino público de Viçosa – MG, assim como, verificar os efeitos de um programa virtual de exercícios físicos sobre a AF, TT, QS, SD, SA e SE. Trata-se de um trabalho que engloba um estudo observacional e um estudo experimental, realizados com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 15 a 18 anos. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas fases, sendo a primeira um desenho transversal e a segunda etapa um desenho experimental, onde foi realizado um programa virtual de exercícios físicos durante 8 semanas, com 3 sessões semanais e em intensidade moderada. A amostra final da primeira fase foi composta por 335 adolescentes, enquanto na segunda etapa 10 indivíduos fizeram parte do grupo intervenção (GI) e outros 10 do grupo controle (GCO). As informações sociodemográficas, AF moderada à vigorosa (AFMV), TT, QS, SD, SA e SE foram obtidas por questionários. Indicadores antropométricos como o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e da relação cintura-estatura (RCE) foram utilizados para se determinar a GC. Foram verificadas prevalências alarmantes para níveis insuficientes AFMV (66,0%), QS “ruim-distúrbio” (71,6%), IMC “excesso de peso” (14,3%), SD (48,6%), SA (38,5%) e SE (33,1%), além de valores preocupantes para os adolescentes do grupo TT acima do percentil 50, com média de 11,52±3,62 horas por dia. As análises de associação indicaram que adolescentes do sexo feminino e aqueles com QS “ruim-distúrbio” tiveram maiores chances de apresentar SD, SA e SE. Além disso, adolescentes com maior TT tiveram maior risco de apresentar SD, enquanto indivíduos “com risco” para RCE apresentaram maiores chances de manifestar SE. Por fim, a partir do estudo experimental, verificou-se que o programa virtual de exercícios físicos (EF) proposto, contribuiu significativamente para redução dos SE em adolescentes, além de gerar mudanças positivas nas frequências da QS e SA. Os resultados encontrados podem contribuir para o direcionamento de estratégias que visem amenizar condições desfavoráveis à saúde relacionadas à características individuais (níveis insuficientes de AF, TT excessivo, QS ruim e excesso de GC) e indicadores de saúde mental de adolescentes (presença de SD, SA e SE), assim como oferecer suporte para a realização de novos estudos de intervenção no meio virtual e ampliar as possibilidades das práticas de EF. Palavras-chave: Atividade física. Exercício físico. Tempo de tela. Qualidade do sono. Gordura corporal. Saúde mental. Depressão. Ansiedade. Estresse. Adolescentes.
The general objective of this dissertation was to associate individual characteristics - gender, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep quality (SQ) and body fat (BF) - with mental health indicators - depression symptoms (DS), anxiety (AS) and stress (ES) – in adolescents from public schools in Viçosa – MG, as well as verifying the effects of a virtual physical exercise program on PA, ST, SQ, DS, AS and ES. It is a work that includes an observational study and an experimental study, carried out with adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 18 years. The research was divided into two phases, the first being a cross-sectional design and the second stage an experimental design, where a virtual physical exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions at moderate intensity. The final sample of the first phase consisted of 335 adolescents, while in the second phase 10 individuals were part of the intervention group (IG) and another 10 of the control group (COG). Sociodemographic information, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ST, SQ, DS, AS and ES were obtained through questionnaires. Anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to determine BF. Alarming prevalences were verified for insufficient levels MVPA (66.0%), SQ “bad-disorder” (71.6%), BMI “excess weight” (14.3%), DS (48.6%), AS (38.5%) and ES (33.1%), in addition to worrying values for adolescents in the ST group above the 50th percentile, with an average of 11.52±3.62 hours a day. Association analyzes indicated that female adolescents and those with “bad-disorder” SQ were more likely to have DS, AS, and ES. In addition, adolescents with higher ST were at greater risk of developing DS, while individuals “at risk” for WHtR were more likely to manifest ES. Finally, from the experimental study, it was verified that the proposed virtual program of physical exercises (PE) contributed significantly to the reduction of ES in adolescents, in addition to generating positive changes in the frequencies of SQ and AS. The results found may contribute to the direction of strategies aimed at alleviating unfavorable health conditions related to individual characteristics (insufficient levels of PA, excessive ST, poor SQ and excess BF) and mental health indicators of adolescents (presence of DS, AS and ES), as well as offering support for carrying out new intervention studies in the virtual environment and expanding the possibilities of PE practices. Keywords: Physical activity. Physical exercise. Screen time. Sleep quality. Body fat. Mental health. Depression. Anxiety. Stress. Adolescents.
The general objective of this dissertation was to associate individual characteristics - gender, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep quality (SQ) and body fat (BF) - with mental health indicators - depression symptoms (DS), anxiety (AS) and stress (ES) – in adolescents from public schools in Viçosa – MG, as well as verifying the effects of a virtual physical exercise program on PA, ST, SQ, DS, AS and ES. It is a work that includes an observational study and an experimental study, carried out with adolescents of both sexes, aged between 15 and 18 years. The research was divided into two phases, the first being a cross-sectional design and the second stage an experimental design, where a virtual physical exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, with 3 weekly sessions at moderate intensity. The final sample of the first phase consisted of 335 adolescents, while in the second phase 10 individuals were part of the intervention group (IG) and another 10 of the control group (COG). Sociodemographic information, moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), ST, SQ, DS, AS and ES were obtained through questionnaires. Anthropometric indicators such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to determine BF. Alarming prevalences were verified for insufficient levels MVPA (66.0%), SQ “bad-disorder” (71.6%), BMI “excess weight” (14.3%), DS (48.6%), AS (38.5%) and ES (33.1%), in addition to worrying values for adolescents in the ST group above the 50th percentile, with an average of 11.52±3.62 hours a day. Association analyzes indicated that female adolescents and those with “bad-disorder” SQ were more likely to have DS, AS, and ES. In addition, adolescents with higher ST were at greater risk of developing DS, while individuals “at risk” for WHtR were more likely to manifest ES. Finally, from the experimental study, it was verified that the proposed virtual program of physical exercises (PE) contributed significantly to the reduction of ES in adolescents, in addition to generating positive changes in the frequencies of SQ and AS. The results found may contribute to the direction of strategies aimed at alleviating unfavorable health conditions related to individual characteristics (insufficient levels of PA, excessive ST, poor SQ and excess BF) and mental health indicators of adolescents (presence of DS, AS and ES), as well as offering support for carrying out new intervention studies in the virtual environment and expanding the possibilities of PE practices. Keywords: Physical activity. Physical exercise. Screen time. Sleep quality. Body fat. Mental health. Depression. Anxiety. Stress. Adolescents.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos para jovens, Saúde mental, Peso corporal, Adolescentes - Sono, Qualidade do sono, Depressão em adolescentes, Ansiedade em adolescentes
Citação
SOUSA, Jefferson Teixeira de. Características individuais e indicadores de saúde mental em adolescentes de Viçosa – MG: um estudo de associações e intervenção virtual de exercícios físicos. 2023. 138 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.