Ingredientes alternativos na produção de hidromel: aspectos fermentativos, sensoriais e de funcionalidade
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2022-02-20
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Durante a produção de hidromel, o mosto pode ser enriquecido com diferentes ingredientes, como frutas e ervas, conferindo características distintas aos produtos, chamados então de melomeis. Paralelamente, esses ingredientes fornecem nitrogênio e sais minerais, proporcionando nutrientes essenciais para uma fermentação saudável, e podem ser fontes de compostos antioxidantes, aumentando o potencial funcional da bebida, associado à funcionalidade já conhecida, fornecida pelo mel. A inclusão do tamarindo, fruta naturalmente rica em compostos ácidos, contribui para características sensoriais equilibradas, ampliando assim a diversidade e a qualidade do produto final. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o processo fermentativo, as características físico-químicas e o potencial funcional de mostos suplementados com diferentes concentrações de alecrim-do-campo (Baccharis dracunculifolia) e própolis verde, juntamente com a avaliação sensorial de melomeis acrescidos de tamarindo. Inicialmente, hidromeis (sem tamarindo) foram produzidos a partir de mostos de mel a 25 ºBrix, contendo metabissulfito de sódio a 150 mg/mL. A suplementação dos mostos foi realizada utilizando concentrações variadas [0,1%, 0,15%, 0,2% (m/v)] de própolis e [1%, 2%, 5%, 7,5%, e 10% (m/v)] de folhas trituradas de alecrim-do-campo, ou ainda utilizando o suplemento fosfato diamônico (DAP) a 0,1% como controle. Embora os mostos com DAP tenham apresentado maior concentração de nitrogênio amino livre, os mostos que foram acrescidos de 7,5% e 10% de alecrim-do-campo levaram a hidromeis com maiores teores de etanol 109,938 e 99,347 g/L, respectivamente. Além disso, as bebidas compostas com concentrações de 1% , 2% e 5% apresentaram capacidade antioxidante igual, estatisticamente, ao trolox (antioxidante químico), evidenciando o potencial desse ingrediente na suplementação dos mostos e na produção de bebidas com alegações de funcionalidade. Além disso, algumas amostras [A(2%); A(5%);P(0,1%); P(0,15%) e P(0,20%)] apresentaram valores excedentes para acidez volátil. A partir desses resultados, foram produzidos melomeis/hidroméis com 5% de tamarindo m/v, com suplementação de DAP; com 2% (m/v) de tamarindo suplementado com 10% (m/v) de alecrim-do-campo; com 0,1% de DAP(sem a adição de outro ingrediente) e com 10% (m/v) de alecrim-do-campo. As bebidas produzidas com tamarindo foram pouco apreciadas pelos consumidores, refletido pelas notas entre “indiferente” e “desgostei ligeiramente” e em relação ao sabor “gostei moderadamente” e “indiferente” quanto ao aroma. Isso possivelmente se deve a acidez proporcionada pela fruta, que não é apreciada pela maior parte do consumidor comum. Os hidromeis produzidos com DAP e exclusivamente com alecrim-do-campo a 10%, por outro lado, receberam os atributos de “indiferente” e “gostei ligeiramente” para o sabor, e para o aroma foram classificados como “gostei ligeiramente a gostei moderadamente”. Essa avaliação enfatiza o benefício do alecrim-do-campo no aprimoramento do processo fermentativo e na qualidade do hidromel, evidenciando-o como um ingrediente potencialmente atraente para o perfil sensorial da bebida. Palavras-chave: Antioxidantes; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Fermentação; Mel; Nitrogênio; Suplementação.
During the production of mead, the must can be enriched with different ingredients, such as fruits and herbs, imparting distinct characteristics to the products, which are then called "melomeis". Simultaneously, these ingredients provide nitrogen and mineral salts, supplying essential nutrients for healthy fermentation, and can serve as sources of antioxidant compounds, increasing the functional potential of the beverage, associated with the already known functionality provided by honey. The inclusion of tamarind, a fruit naturally rich in acidic compounds, contributes to balanced sensory characteristics, thereby expanding the diversity and quality of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the fermentative process, physicochemical characteristics, and functional potential of musts supplemented with different concentrations of Baccharis dracunculifolia and green propolis, along with the sensory evaluation of melomeis supplemented with tamarind. Initially, meads (without tamarind) were produced from honey musts at 25 °Brix, containing sodium metabisulfite at 150 mg/mL. The musts were supplemented using varied concentrations [0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% (w/v)] of propolis and [1%, 2%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/v)] of crushed Baccharis dracunculifolia leaves, or by using diammonium phosphate (DAP) supplement at 0.1% as control. Although the musts with DAP showed higher free amino nitrogen concentrations, the musts supplemented with 7.5% and 10% of Baccharis dracunculifolia led to meads with higher ethanol contents 109.938 and 99.347 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the composite beverages with concentrations of 1%, 2% and 5% showed antioxidant capacity statistically equal to trolox (chemical antioxidant), highlighting the potential of this ingredient in must supplementation and beverage production with functional claims. In addition, some samples [A(2%); A(5%); P(0.1%); P(0.15%); and P(0.20%)] showed excess values for volatile acidity. Based on these results, melomeis/meads were produced with 5% tamarind w/v, supplemented with DAP; with 2% tamarind w/v supplemented with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia w/v; with 0.1% DAP (without the addition of another ingredient); and with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia w/v. The beverages produced with tamarind were poorly appreciated by consumers, reflected by ratings ranging from "indifferent" to "slightly disliked" for taste and "moderately liked" to "indifferent" for aroma. This is possibly due to the acidity provided by the fruit, which is not appreciated by the majority of common consumers. Meads produced with DAP and exclusively with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia , on the other hand, received ratings of "indifferent" and "slightly liked" for taste, and for aroma were classified as "slightly liked to moderately liked". This evaluation emphasizes the benefit of Baccharis dracunculifolia in enhancing the fermentative process and quality of mead, highlighting it as a potentially attractive ingredient for the beverage's sensory profile. Keywords: Antioxidants; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Fermentation; Honey; Nitrogen; Supplementation.
During the production of mead, the must can be enriched with different ingredients, such as fruits and herbs, imparting distinct characteristics to the products, which are then called "melomeis". Simultaneously, these ingredients provide nitrogen and mineral salts, supplying essential nutrients for healthy fermentation, and can serve as sources of antioxidant compounds, increasing the functional potential of the beverage, associated with the already known functionality provided by honey. The inclusion of tamarind, a fruit naturally rich in acidic compounds, contributes to balanced sensory characteristics, thereby expanding the diversity and quality of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the fermentative process, physicochemical characteristics, and functional potential of musts supplemented with different concentrations of Baccharis dracunculifolia and green propolis, along with the sensory evaluation of melomeis supplemented with tamarind. Initially, meads (without tamarind) were produced from honey musts at 25 °Brix, containing sodium metabisulfite at 150 mg/mL. The musts were supplemented using varied concentrations [0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% (w/v)] of propolis and [1%, 2%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (w/v)] of crushed Baccharis dracunculifolia leaves, or by using diammonium phosphate (DAP) supplement at 0.1% as control. Although the musts with DAP showed higher free amino nitrogen concentrations, the musts supplemented with 7.5% and 10% of Baccharis dracunculifolia led to meads with higher ethanol contents 109.938 and 99.347 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, the composite beverages with concentrations of 1%, 2% and 5% showed antioxidant capacity statistically equal to trolox (chemical antioxidant), highlighting the potential of this ingredient in must supplementation and beverage production with functional claims. In addition, some samples [A(2%); A(5%); P(0.1%); P(0.15%); and P(0.20%)] showed excess values for volatile acidity. Based on these results, melomeis/meads were produced with 5% tamarind w/v, supplemented with DAP; with 2% tamarind w/v supplemented with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia w/v; with 0.1% DAP (without the addition of another ingredient); and with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia w/v. The beverages produced with tamarind were poorly appreciated by consumers, reflected by ratings ranging from "indifferent" to "slightly disliked" for taste and "moderately liked" to "indifferent" for aroma. This is possibly due to the acidity provided by the fruit, which is not appreciated by the majority of common consumers. Meads produced with DAP and exclusively with 10% Baccharis dracunculifolia , on the other hand, received ratings of "indifferent" and "slightly liked" for taste, and for aroma were classified as "slightly liked to moderately liked". This evaluation emphasizes the benefit of Baccharis dracunculifolia in enhancing the fermentative process and quality of mead, highlighting it as a potentially attractive ingredient for the beverage's sensory profile. Keywords: Antioxidants; Baccharis dracunculifolia; Fermentation; Honey; Nitrogen; Supplementation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Hidromel - Aditivos, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Fermentação, Nitrogênio, Antioxidantes, Mel
Citação
FERLA, Letícia Tereza. Ingredientes alternativos na produção de hidromel: aspectos fermentativos, sensoriais e de funcionalidade. 2024. 812 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.