Alumínio altera parâmetros morfofisiológicos durante a germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de soja (Glycine max)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O estresse por alumínio (Al) é intensificado em solos ácidos, principalmente devido a sua ionização em cátion trivalente, que é considerada a forma mais tóxica para as plantas. O cultivo da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) é amplamente difundido em áreas onde predominam solos ácidos. A germinação e o estabelecimento da plântula são fases sensíveis do ciclo de vida da planta. Contudo, apesar da relevância dessas fases para o estabelecimento das lavouras, o efeito do Al na germinação de espécies cultivadas ainda é pouco explorado. Algumas estratégias podem ser utilizadas para atenuar a toxidez por Al nessa condição, inclusive o uso do silício (Si). Nesse sentido este trabalho consistiu em: i) avaliar os efeitos do Al sobre a germinação e parâmetros de desempenho de plântulas de 65 cultivares comerciais de soja; ii) avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e metabólicos das plântulas de dois cultivares (tolerante e sensível) selecionados no item i); iii) no cultivar tolerante, avaliado o papel do Si (1 mM) e células de borda da raiz (CBRs) na mitigação do estresse por Al (100 e 300 µM) em plântulas de soja.Na presença de Al, os parâmetros biométricos radiculares foram as características que demonstraram maior importância para diferenciar o desempenho dos cultivares. Estes foram alocados em quatro grupos, aos quais o comportamento diferencial sob estresse por Al pode ser atribuído à maior (Grupos I e II) e menor sensibilidade a este elemento (Grupos III e IV). Dois cultivares com respostas contrastantes ao Al foram selecionados: tolerante (50152RSF IPRO) e sensível (NA5909 RG). Na presença de Al no cultivar tolerante houve a formação de CBRs e a ativação de um sistema antioxidante robusto, contribuindo para minimizar os efeitos do estresse oxidativo ocasionado pelo Al. Em relação ao metabolismo primário, o teor dos açúcares solúveis aumentou o malato reduziu em ambos os cultivares. Na ausência de Si, o estresse por Al inibiu o crescimento radicular devido ao elevado acúmulo deste elemento nos ápices radiculares que resultou em estresse oxidativo e morte celular. Por outro lado, a adição de Si aumentou a síntese de mucilagem e a presença de CBRs, que reduziu o acúmulo de Al e impediu a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo e danos de membrana nos ápices radiculares, melhorando a performance das plântulas. Nesta terceira etapa foi demonstrado o potencial do Si em atenuar os efeitos tóxicos do Al em soja, atuando como elemento benéfico para melhorar o desenvolvimento de plantas cultivadas em solos ácidos. Palavras-chave: células da borda da raiz; estresse oxidativo; metabolismo primário; silício; tolerância ao alumínio.
Aluminum (Al) stress is intensified in acidic soils, mainly due to its ionization in trivalent cation, which is considered the most toxic form for plants. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivation is widespread in areas where acidic soils predominate. Germination and seedling establishment are sensitive phases of the plant life cycle. Although these phases are significant for crop establishment, the Al effects on the germination of cultivated species is limited and have not been thoroughly explored. Some strategies can be used to mitigate Al toxicity in this condition, including the use of silicon (Si). In this context, this work had the following objectives: i) to evaluate the Al effects on seed germination and performance parameters of seedlings of 65 commercial soybean cultivars; ii) to evaluate the physiological and metabolic parameters of two cultivars seedlings (tolerant and sensitive) selected in item i) and, iii) in the tolerant cultivar, to evaluate the Si role (1 mM) and root border cells (RBCs) in mitigating Al stress (100 and 300 µM) in soybean seedlings. In the presence of Al, the root biometric parameters were the characteristics that demonstrated the greatest importance in differentiating the performance of the cultivars. These were allocated into four groups, to which the differential behavior under Al stress can be attributed to greater (Groups I and II) and lesser sensitivity to this element (Groups III and IV). Two cultivars with contrasting responses to Al were selected: tolerant (50152RSF IPRO) and sensitive (NA5909 RG). In the presence of Al in the tolerant cultivar, RBCs were formed and a robust antioxidant system was activated, contributing to minimizing the effects of oxidative stress caused by Al. To concern primary metabolism, the content of soluble sugars increased and malate reduced in both cultivars. We also observed an increase in the proline content and a reduction of phenols in the tolerant cultivar. In the absence of Si, Al stress inhibited root growth due to the high accumulation of this element in the root tips, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. On the other hand, Si seems to increase mucilage synthesis and the presence of RBCs, which reduced Al accumulation and prevented oxidative stress and membrane damage in the root tips, improving seedling development. In this third stage, the potential of Si to attenuate the toxic effects of Al in soybeans was demonstrated, acting as a beneficial element to improve the development of plants grown in acidic soils. Keywords: root border cells; oxidative stress; primary metabolism; silicon; aluminum tolerance.
Aluminum (Al) stress is intensified in acidic soils, mainly due to its ionization in trivalent cation, which is considered the most toxic form for plants. Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivation is widespread in areas where acidic soils predominate. Germination and seedling establishment are sensitive phases of the plant life cycle. Although these phases are significant for crop establishment, the Al effects on the germination of cultivated species is limited and have not been thoroughly explored. Some strategies can be used to mitigate Al toxicity in this condition, including the use of silicon (Si). In this context, this work had the following objectives: i) to evaluate the Al effects on seed germination and performance parameters of seedlings of 65 commercial soybean cultivars; ii) to evaluate the physiological and metabolic parameters of two cultivars seedlings (tolerant and sensitive) selected in item i) and, iii) in the tolerant cultivar, to evaluate the Si role (1 mM) and root border cells (RBCs) in mitigating Al stress (100 and 300 µM) in soybean seedlings. In the presence of Al, the root biometric parameters were the characteristics that demonstrated the greatest importance in differentiating the performance of the cultivars. These were allocated into four groups, to which the differential behavior under Al stress can be attributed to greater (Groups I and II) and lesser sensitivity to this element (Groups III and IV). Two cultivars with contrasting responses to Al were selected: tolerant (50152RSF IPRO) and sensitive (NA5909 RG). In the presence of Al in the tolerant cultivar, RBCs were formed and a robust antioxidant system was activated, contributing to minimizing the effects of oxidative stress caused by Al. To concern primary metabolism, the content of soluble sugars increased and malate reduced in both cultivars. We also observed an increase in the proline content and a reduction of phenols in the tolerant cultivar. In the absence of Si, Al stress inhibited root growth due to the high accumulation of this element in the root tips, resulting in oxidative stress and cell death. On the other hand, Si seems to increase mucilage synthesis and the presence of RBCs, which reduced Al accumulation and prevented oxidative stress and membrane damage in the root tips, improving seedling development. In this third stage, the potential of Si to attenuate the toxic effects of Al in soybeans was demonstrated, acting as a beneficial element to improve the development of plants grown in acidic soils. Keywords: root border cells; oxidative stress; primary metabolism; silicon; aluminum tolerance.
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GONÇALVES, Bruno Guilherme. Alumínio altera parâmetros morfofisiológicos durante a germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de soja (Glycine max). 2023. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
