Busca por novos compostos para o tratamento das leishmanioses explorando o scaffold eugenol/1,2,3-triazol
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2024-07-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O eugenol (4-alil-2-metoxifenol) é um líquido amarelado encontrado em diversas espécies vegetais, conhecido por apresentar várias bioatividades, incluindo atividade antileishmanial. O presente trabalho descreve a síntese e a avaliação da atividade antileishmanial de dois grupos de derivados do eugenol contendo fragmentos 1,2,3- triazólicos em suas estruturas. O primeiro grupo de compostos consistiu em derivados diidroxilados que foram obtidos por meio de uma rota sintética que envolveu: i) epoxidação do eugenol com ácido meta-cloroperbenzóico (m-CPBA), resultando em (±) 2-metoxi-4-(oxiran-2-ilmetil)fenol (1) com 99% de conversão; ii) reação de abertura de anel de epóxido de (1) com azida de sódio, gerando (±) 4-(3-azido-2-hidroxipropil)- 2-metoxifenol (2) com 94% de rendimento; iii) reação CuAAC [reação de cicloadição (C) 1,3-dipolar entre um alcino terminal (A) e uma azida orgânica (A) catalisada por cobre (Cu(I))] entre a substância 2 e diferentes alcinos terminais, resultando em dezoito derivados diidroxilados (3a−3r) com rendimentos variando de 30% a 89%. O segundo grupo de compostos consistiu em derivados do orto eugenol contendo grupos 1,2,3-triazólicos. A obtenção de vinte e dois derivados do orto eugenol foi possível por meio das seguintes etapas: iv) alquilação do guaiacol com brometo de alila resultando na obtenção de 1-(aliloxi)-2-metoxibenzeno (rendimento de 93%); v) rearranjo de Claisen conduzido com 1-(aliloxi)-2-metoxibenzeno resultando no orto eugenol (rendimento de 82%); vi) procedimentos de alquilação realizados com o orto eugenol produziram 1-alil-3-metoxi-2-(prop-2-in-1-iloxi)benzeno (rendimento de 73%) e 1-alil-3-metoxi-2-(pent-4-in-1-iloxi)benzeno (rendimento de 53%); vii) reações CuAAC envolvendo os alcinos obtidos em vi com diferentes azidas benzílicas resultaram em vinte e dois derivados do orto eugenol com funcionalidades 1,2,3-triazol (rendimento de 48% a 93%).Os compostos foram purificados por cromatografia em coluna de sílica gel e caracterizados pelas espectroscopias no infravermelho (IV) e de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de 1H e 13C, bem como espectrometria de massas de alta resolução. A avaliação inicial da citotoxicidade dos compostos 3a−3r e os derivados do orto eugenol contendo grupos 1,2,3-triazólicos na concentração de 10 µmol L-1mostrou que os derivados do eugenol não possuem citotoxicidade relevante em macrófagos RAW 264.7 e são menos citotóxicos do que o fármaco comercial anfotericina B. Subsequentemente, os derivados,também na concentração de 10 µmol L-1, tiveram seus efeitos avaliados frente a amastigotas do parasito Leishmania braziliensis, causador da leishmaniose tegumentar. Os compostos (±)-4- (3-(4-butil-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-il)-2-hidroxipropil)-2-metoxifenol (3e), (±)-4-((1-(2- hidroxi-3-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)propil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il)metoxi)-3- metoxibenzaldeido triazol e (3h), 4-((2-alil-6-metoxi)fenoximetil)-1-(4-clorobenzil)-1H-1,2,3- 4-((2-alil-6-metoxi)fenoximetil)-1-(4-trifluorometoxibenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol foram os mais eficazes em reduzir a viabilidade celular em aproxidamente 40%. Os valores de CC50 (concentração citotóxica 50% frente a macrófagos), IC50 (Concentração Inibitória 50% frente a amastigotas) e IS (índice de seletividade) foram determinados para 3e (CC50> 200 µmol L-1, IC50 = 17,48 µmol L-1 e IS = 11,4), 3h (CC50> 200 µmol L-1, IC50 = 37,87 µmol L-1, e IS = 5,3), 4-((2-alil-6-metoxi)fenoximetil)- 1-(4-clorobenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol (CC50 = 274,5 μmol L-1, IC50 = 28,09 μmol L-1 e IS = 9,7) e 4-((2-alil-6-metoxi)fenoximetil)-1-(4-trifluorometoxibenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol (CC50> 300 μmol L-1, IC50 = 52,03 μmol L-1 e IS > 5,7). Os compostos estudados no presente trabalho, explorando o scaffold eugenol/1,2,3-triazol, têm potencial como novos agentes leishmanicidas contra L. braziliensis e podem representar um ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de tratamentos alternativos para leishmaniose tegumentar. Palavras-chave: Eugenol; Reação Click; Antileishmanial; Leishmaniose tegumentar.
Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a yellowish liquid found in several plant species, known to have several bioactivities, including antileishmanial activity. The present work describes the synthesis and evaluation of the antileishmanial activity of two groups of eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole fragments in their structures. The first group of compounds consisted of dihydroxylated derivatives that were obtained through a synthetic route that involved: i) epoxidation of eugenol with meta- chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), resulting in (±) 2-methoxy-4-(oxiran -2- ylmethyl)phenol (1) with 99% conversion; ii) epoxide ring opening reaction of (1) with sodium azide, generating (±) 4-(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol (2) in 94% yield; iii) CuAAC reaction [1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (C) between a terminal alkyne (A) and an organic azide (A) catalyzed by copper (Cu(I))] between substance 2 and different terminal alkynes, resulting in eighteen dihydroxylated derivatives (3a 3r) with yields ranging from 30% to 89%. The second group of compounds consisted of ortho eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole groups. Obtaining twenty-two ortho eugenol derivatives was possible through the following steps: iv) alkylation of guaiacol with allyl bromide resulting in obtaining 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (93% yield); v) Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene resulting in ortho eugenol (82% yield); vi) alkylation procedures carried out with ortho eugenol produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3- methoxy-2- (pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (53% yield); vii) CuAAC reactions involving the alkynes obtained in vi with different benzylic azides resulted in twenty-two ortho eugenol derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (yield from 48% to 93%). The compounds were purified by silica gel column chromatography and characterized by infrared (IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. The initial evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds 3a 3r and ortho eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole groups at a concentration of 10 µmol L-1 showed that eugenol derivatives do not have relevant cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and are less cytotoxic than the commercial drug amphotericin B. Subsequently, the derivatives, also at a concentration of 10 µmol L-1, had their effects evaluated against amastigotes of the Leishmania braziliensis parasite, which causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. The compounds (±)-4-(3-(4-butyl-1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol (3e), (±)-4-( (1-(2-hydroxy-3-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3- methoxybenzaldehyde (3h), chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole 4-(( and 2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4- 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4- trifluoromethoxybenzyl )-1H-1,2,3-triazole were the most effective in reducing cell viability by approximately 40%. The values of CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50% against macrophages), IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration 50% against amastigotes) and IS (selectivity index) were determined for 3e (CC50> 200 µmol L¬-1, IC50 = 17.48 µmol L-1 and IS = 11.4), 3h (CC50> 200 µmol L¬-1, IC50 = 37.87 µmol L-1, and IS = 5.3), 4-((2-allyl-6 -methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (CC50 = 274.5 μmol L-1, IC50 = 28.09 μmol L-1 and IS = 9.7) and 4-((2-allyl-6- methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (CC50> 300 μmol L-1, IC50 = 52.03 μmol L- 1 and IS > 5.7). The compounds studied in the present work, exploiting the eugenol/1,2,3-triazole scaffold, have potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: Eugenol; Click Reaction; Antileishmanial; Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.
Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a yellowish liquid found in several plant species, known to have several bioactivities, including antileishmanial activity. The present work describes the synthesis and evaluation of the antileishmanial activity of two groups of eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole fragments in their structures. The first group of compounds consisted of dihydroxylated derivatives that were obtained through a synthetic route that involved: i) epoxidation of eugenol with meta- chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA), resulting in (±) 2-methoxy-4-(oxiran -2- ylmethyl)phenol (1) with 99% conversion; ii) epoxide ring opening reaction of (1) with sodium azide, generating (±) 4-(3-azido-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol (2) in 94% yield; iii) CuAAC reaction [1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (C) between a terminal alkyne (A) and an organic azide (A) catalyzed by copper (Cu(I))] between substance 2 and different terminal alkynes, resulting in eighteen dihydroxylated derivatives (3a 3r) with yields ranging from 30% to 89%. The second group of compounds consisted of ortho eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole groups. Obtaining twenty-two ortho eugenol derivatives was possible through the following steps: iv) alkylation of guaiacol with allyl bromide resulting in obtaining 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene (93% yield); v) Claisen rearrangement conducted with 1-(allyloxy)-2-methoxybenzene resulting in ortho eugenol (82% yield); vi) alkylation procedures carried out with ortho eugenol produced 1-allyl-3-methoxy-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (73% yield) and 1-allyl-3- methoxy-2- (pent-4-yn-1-yloxy)benzene (53% yield); vii) CuAAC reactions involving the alkynes obtained in vi with different benzylic azides resulted in twenty-two ortho eugenol derivatives with 1,2,3-triazole functionalities (yield from 48% to 93%). The compounds were purified by silica gel column chromatography and characterized by infrared (IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. The initial evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds 3a 3r and ortho eugenol derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole groups at a concentration of 10 µmol L-1 showed that eugenol derivatives do not have relevant cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and are less cytotoxic than the commercial drug amphotericin B. Subsequently, the derivatives, also at a concentration of 10 µmol L-1, had their effects evaluated against amastigotes of the Leishmania braziliensis parasite, which causes cutaneous leishmaniasis. The compounds (±)-4-(3-(4-butyl-1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenol (3e), (±)-4-( (1-(2-hydroxy-3-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-3- methoxybenzaldehyde (3h), chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole 4-(( and 2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4- 4-((2-allyl-6-methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4- trifluoromethoxybenzyl )-1H-1,2,3-triazole were the most effective in reducing cell viability by approximately 40%. The values of CC50 (cytotoxic concentration 50% against macrophages), IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration 50% against amastigotes) and IS (selectivity index) were determined for 3e (CC50> 200 µmol L¬-1, IC50 = 17.48 µmol L-1 and IS = 11.4), 3h (CC50> 200 µmol L¬-1, IC50 = 37.87 µmol L-1, and IS = 5.3), 4-((2-allyl-6 -methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (CC50 = 274.5 μmol L-1, IC50 = 28.09 μmol L-1 and IS = 9.7) and 4-((2-allyl-6- methoxy)phenoxymethyl)-1-(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (CC50> 300 μmol L-1, IC50 = 52.03 μmol L- 1 and IS > 5.7). The compounds studied in the present work, exploiting the eugenol/1,2,3-triazole scaffold, have potential as new leishmanicidal agents against L. braziliensis and may represent a starting point for the development of alternative treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Keywords: Eugenol; Click Reaction; Antileishmanial; Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eugenol - Derivados - Síntese, Leishmaniose - Tratamento
Citação
EVANGELISTA, Roberta da Silva. Busca por novos compostos para o tratamento das leishmanioses explorando o scaffold eugenol/1,2,3-triazol. 2024. 187 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.