Preparo e caracterização de complexos de inclusão de moléculas herbicidas com ácido p-sulfônicocalix[6]areno e goma acácia: avaliação da atividade herbicida
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Data
2025-02-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A expansão do setor agrícola tem resultado em mudanças significativas na qualidade de vida da população em geral. Para atender às crescentes demandas de produção agrícola e acomodar a expansão populacional, o controle de pragas e ervas daninhas por meio de pesticidas e herbicidas torna-se essencial. No entanto, o uso indiscriminado desses produtos tem favorecido o desenvolvimento de resistência entre as pragas e as ervas daninhas, o que impõe a necessidade de novos agentes com mecanismos de ação distintos, menores níveis de toxicidade e maior compatibilidade ecológica. Neste contexto, os análogos da cantaridina têm sido investigados como agentes fitotóxicos e herbicidas potenciais. Contudo, a baixa solubilidade em água de alguns desses compostos limita suas aplicações práticas. A solubilidade pode ser aprimorada pelo uso de polímeros ou outros agentes solubilizantes, ampliando o potencial de uso desses compostos. Calixarenos, por sua vez, têm mostrado capacidade de formar complexos de inclusão com diversas biomoléculas e substâncias bioativas, sem causar citotoxicidade, podendo ser usados para aprimorar a solubilidade e a eficácia dos compostos. Polissacarídeos naturais, como a goma acácia, têm sido amplamente adotados para encapsulamento de substâncias bioativas, oferecendo vantagens como disponibilidade, alta solubilidade e não toxicidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar o ácido p- sulfônicocalix[6]areno e a goma acácia na preparação de complexos de inclusão com quatro análogos da cantaridina, com foco em melhorar a solubilidade desses compostos de baixa solubilidade em água. A solubilidade foi avaliada por RMN de H, e as interações entre o ácido p-sulfônicocalix[6]areno, a goma acácia e as amidas foram analisadas por deslocamentos químicos (d) nos espectros de RMN de H e cálculos teóricos. Além disso, ensaios biológicos foram realizados para avaliar a atividade herbicida potencial dos complexos, utilizando sementes de cinco plantas monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas. Os complexos formados com os análogos (2) ácido (1S,4R)-3-(fenilcarbamoil)-7-oxabiciclo[2,2,1]hept-5-eno-2-carboxílico e (3) ácido (1S,4R)-3-((4-clorofenil)carbamoil)-7-oxabiciclo[2,2,1]hept-5-eno-2-carboxílico apresentaram bons resultados nos ensaios biológicos, indicando um potencial atividade herbicida. Palavras-chave: calixareno; goma; complexo de inclusão; herbicida
The expansion of the agricultural sector has resulted in significant changes in the quality of life for the general population. To meet the growing demands for agricultural production and accommodate population expansion, pest and weed control through pesticides and herbicides becomes essential. However, the indiscriminate use of these products has favored the development of resistance among pests and weeds, which imposes the need for new agents with distinct mechanisms of action, lower toxicity levels, and greater ecological compatibility. In this context, cantharidin analogs have been investigated as potential phytotoxic agents and herbicides. However, the low water solubility of some of these compounds limits their practical applications. Solubility can be enhanced by using polymers or other solubilizing agents, thus expanding the potential use of these compounds. Calixarenes, in turn, have shown the ability to form inclusion complexes with various biomolecules and bioactive substances without causing cytotoxicity, making them suitable for improving the solubility and effectiveness of the compounds. Natural polysaccharides, such as acacia gum, have been widely adopted for encapsulating bioactive substances, offering advantages such as availability, high solubility, and non-toxicity.The aim of this study was to use p- sulfonicocalix[6]arene and acacia gum in the preparation of inclusion complexes with four cantharidin analogs, focusing on improving the solubility of these compounds with low water solubility. Solubility was evaluated by 1H NMR, and the interactions between p-sulfonicocalix[6]arene, acacia gum, and the amides were analyzed by chemical shifts (d) in the 1H NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, biological assays were conducted to assess the potential herbicidal activity of the complexes, using seeds from five monocot and dicot plants. The complexes formed with the analogs (2) acid (1S,4R)-3-(phenylcarbamoyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5- eno-2-carboxylic and (3) acid (1S,4R)-3-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-7- oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-eno-2-carboxylic acids showed good results in the biological assays, indicating potential herbicidal activity. Keywords: calixarene; gum; inclusion complex; herbicide
The expansion of the agricultural sector has resulted in significant changes in the quality of life for the general population. To meet the growing demands for agricultural production and accommodate population expansion, pest and weed control through pesticides and herbicides becomes essential. However, the indiscriminate use of these products has favored the development of resistance among pests and weeds, which imposes the need for new agents with distinct mechanisms of action, lower toxicity levels, and greater ecological compatibility. In this context, cantharidin analogs have been investigated as potential phytotoxic agents and herbicides. However, the low water solubility of some of these compounds limits their practical applications. Solubility can be enhanced by using polymers or other solubilizing agents, thus expanding the potential use of these compounds. Calixarenes, in turn, have shown the ability to form inclusion complexes with various biomolecules and bioactive substances without causing cytotoxicity, making them suitable for improving the solubility and effectiveness of the compounds. Natural polysaccharides, such as acacia gum, have been widely adopted for encapsulating bioactive substances, offering advantages such as availability, high solubility, and non-toxicity.The aim of this study was to use p- sulfonicocalix[6]arene and acacia gum in the preparation of inclusion complexes with four cantharidin analogs, focusing on improving the solubility of these compounds with low water solubility. Solubility was evaluated by 1H NMR, and the interactions between p-sulfonicocalix[6]arene, acacia gum, and the amides were analyzed by chemical shifts (d) in the 1H NMR spectra and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, biological assays were conducted to assess the potential herbicidal activity of the complexes, using seeds from five monocot and dicot plants. The complexes formed with the analogs (2) acid (1S,4R)-3-(phenylcarbamoyl)-7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5- eno-2-carboxylic and (3) acid (1S,4R)-3-((4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl)-7- oxabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-eno-2-carboxylic acids showed good results in the biological assays, indicating potential herbicidal activity. Keywords: calixarene; gum; inclusion complex; herbicide
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Síntese orgânica, Calixarenos, Goma-arábica, Herbicidas
Citação
FERREIRA, Stephani Silva. Preparo e caracterização de complexos de inclusão de moléculas herbicidas com ácido p-sulfônicocalix[6]areno e goma acácia: avaliação da atividade herbicida. 2025. 112 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.