Relação entre atividade física, funções executivas e desempenho acadêmico em crianças do Ensino Fundamental I
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar por sexo e faixa etária o nível de atividade física, funções executivas e desempenho acadêmico em crianças do ensino fundamental I, além de verificar a associação entre essas variáveis na amostra. Participaram do estudo 165 crianças, sendo 80 meninas e 85 meninos, de 6 a 11 anos, regularmente matriculadas em escolas públicas. O nível de atividade física foi mensurado por meio de pedômetros e para avaliar as funções executivas foram utilizados Torre de Londres, Teste dos Dígitos, Fluência Verbal e Teste dos 5 dígitos (FDT); e para verificar o desempenho escolar foi utilizado o subteste aritmética do Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE). Para analisar as diferenças entre os grupos de idade utilizou-se o ANOVA com post hoc de Bonferroni e o Kruskall-Wallis com post hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni. Para analisar as correlações foi utilizado o teste de Spearman, enquanto para a associação entre as variáveis foram construídos Modelos de Equações Estruturais. Os programas utilizadas para análises foram SPSS versão 21.0 e STATA versão 14.0 para Windows. Os resultados indicaram que houve diferenças entre as idades em todas as variáveis mensuradas, exceto o nível de atividade física. Para a correlação de Spearman o nível de atividade física correlacionou com Fluência Verbal (r=0,26). O desempenho escolar teve correlações significativas com todas as medidas de funções executivas: Torre de Londres (r= 0,33); FV – Pares (r= 0,40), AcertosxSpan de Dígitos Inversa (r=0,45); e FDT – Inibição (r= -0,51). No modelo de SEM houve relação direta entre atividade física e funções executivas (p<0,001), e entre funções executivas e desempenho acadêmico (p<0,001). Também houve relação indireta entre atividade física e desempenho acadêmico mediada pelas funções executivas (p=0,041). Pode- se concluir que crianças devem ser estimuladas à pratica de atividade física regular para auxiliar no desenvolvimento das funções executivas e, desta forma, adquirir bom desempenho acadêmico.
The present study aimed to compare the level of physical activity, executive functions and academic performance in primary school children by sex and age group, in addition to verifying the association between these variables in the sample. Fifty-five children participated in the study, 80 girls and 85 boys, 6 to 11 years old, regularly enrolled in public schools. The level of physical activity was measured by means of pedometers and to evaluate the executive functions were used Tower of London, Test of Digits, Verbal Fluency and Test of the 5 digits (FDT); and to verify the school performance was used the arithmetic subtest of the Test of School Performance (TDE). To analyze the differences between the age groups, we used ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc and Kruskall-Wallis with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc. To analyze the correlations, the Spearman test was used, while for the association between the variables Structural Equation Models were constructed. The programs used for analysis were SPSS version 21.0 and STATA version 14.0 for Windows. The results indicated that there were differences between the ages in all variables measured, except the level of physical activity. For the Spearman correlation the level of physical activity correlated with Verbal Fluency (r = 0.26). School performance had significant correlations with all measures of executive functions: Tower of London (r = 0.33); FV - Pairs (r = 0.40), Reverse Digit Span Accounts (r = 0.45); and FDT - Inhibition (r = -0.51). In the SEM model there was a direct relationship between physical activity and executive functions (p<0.001), and between executive functions and academic performance (p<0.001). There was also an indirect relationship between physical activity and academic performance mediated by executive functions (p=0.041). It can be concluded that children should be encouraged to practice regular physical activity to assist in the development of executive functions and, thus, achieve good academic performance.
The present study aimed to compare the level of physical activity, executive functions and academic performance in primary school children by sex and age group, in addition to verifying the association between these variables in the sample. Fifty-five children participated in the study, 80 girls and 85 boys, 6 to 11 years old, regularly enrolled in public schools. The level of physical activity was measured by means of pedometers and to evaluate the executive functions were used Tower of London, Test of Digits, Verbal Fluency and Test of the 5 digits (FDT); and to verify the school performance was used the arithmetic subtest of the Test of School Performance (TDE). To analyze the differences between the age groups, we used ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc and Kruskall-Wallis with Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc. To analyze the correlations, the Spearman test was used, while for the association between the variables Structural Equation Models were constructed. The programs used for analysis were SPSS version 21.0 and STATA version 14.0 for Windows. The results indicated that there were differences between the ages in all variables measured, except the level of physical activity. For the Spearman correlation the level of physical activity correlated with Verbal Fluency (r = 0.26). School performance had significant correlations with all measures of executive functions: Tower of London (r = 0.33); FV - Pairs (r = 0.40), Reverse Digit Span Accounts (r = 0.45); and FDT - Inhibition (r = -0.51). In the SEM model there was a direct relationship between physical activity and executive functions (p<0.001), and between executive functions and academic performance (p<0.001). There was also an indirect relationship between physical activity and academic performance mediated by executive functions (p=0.041). It can be concluded that children should be encouraged to practice regular physical activity to assist in the development of executive functions and, thus, achieve good academic performance.
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MACHADO, Roberta Barbosa. Relação entre atividade física, funções executivas e desempenho acadêmico em crianças do Ensino Fundamental I. 2018. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.
