Preditores individuais e indicadores de saúde em adolescentes de Viçosa - MG: um estudo observacional e uma proposta de programa virtual de exercícios físicos
Arquivos
Data
2023-03-31
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo geral dessa dissertação foi associar preditores individuais — sexo, atividade física (AF), tempo de tela (TT), qualidade de sono (QS) e sintomas de estresse (SE), com indicadores de saúde — composição corporal (CC), pressão arterial (PA) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApCr), assim como verificar os efeitos de um programa virtual de exercícios físicos (EF's) sobre esses indicadores de saúde e hábitos alimentares (HA). Trata-se de uma investigação que contempla um estudo observacional e outro experimental, realizada com adolescentes de ambos os sexos, entre 15 e 19 anos, regularmente matriculados no Ensino Médio de duas escolas públicas de Viçosa-MG. A amostra do estudo observacional foi composta por 308 adolescentes, enquanto o delineamento experimental foi composto por 20 adolescentes, divididos igualmente em dois grupos — controle (GC) e exercício físico (GEF). Foi realizada a aplicação de questionários para obtenção das informações sociodemográficas, de atividade física moderada- vigorosa (AFMV), TT, HA, QS e SE. Por meio de procedimentos antropométricos, avaliou-se a CC, ao considerar o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a relação cintura-estatura (RCE). A PA foi aferida por um aparelho digital automático e a ApCr foi estimada pela aplicação de um teste de banco. No estudo experimental, as sessões de EF’s prescritas ocorreram 3 vezes por semana, ao longo de oito semanas, em intensidade moderada. Antes e após o experimento, foram coletadas informações sobre IMC, RCE, ApCr, PA e HA para comparação intragrupos. Os resultados da primeira fase, indicaram que os indivíduos do grupo “TT <P50” obtiveram 2,08 vezes mais chances de apresentarem “IMC proteção à saúde (<P50)” e 2,32 vezes mais chances de apresentarem “RCE proteção à saúde (<P50)”, quando comparados com aqueles do grupo “TT >P50”. Quanto a PA, as meninas apresentaram 5,55 vezes mais chances de terem valores “normais de PA” quando comparadas aos meninos. Já para ApCr, os meninos expressaram 5,92 vezes mais chances de apresentarem “ApCr >P50” quando comparadas às meninas, enquanto que indivíduos do grupo “AFMV >P50” obtiveram 1,69 vezes mais chances de apresentarem “ApCr >P50” quando comparados aos adolescentes do grupo “AFMV <P50”. Quanto aos achados da segunda fase, verificou-se que o programa virtual de EF’s contribuiu para melhorias na ApCr e na redução da frequência de consumo semanal de uma alimentação de risco à saúde, enquanto que, aqueles que mantiveram sua rotina habitual, apresentaram aumento nos valores de RCE. Conclui-se então, que os resultados encontrados apontam a necessidade de incentivar comportamentos ativos e reduzir comportamentos sedentários (sobretudo no que diz respeito ao tempo de tela diário), a fim de obter melhorias em termos de CC, ApCr e HA, sendo aqui, proposto uma estratégia prática para melhoria de aspectos relacionados à saúde dos adolescentes, com possibilidade de fomentar e oferecer suporte a outras investigações que explorem os efeitos de programas virtuais de EF’s. Palavras-chave: Adolescentes. Exercício físico virtual. Atividade física. Tempo de tela. Hábitos alimentares. Qualidade de sono. Estresse. Composição corporal. Pressão arterial. Aptidão cardiorrespiratória.
The general objective of this dissertation was to associate individual predictors - gender, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep quality (SQ) and stress symptoms (ES), with health indicators - body composition (BC), blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), as well as verifying the effects of a virtual program of physical exercises (PE”s) on these health indicators and eating habits (EH). This 1s an investigation that includes an observational and an experimental study, carried out with adolescents of both sexes, between 15 and 19 years old, regularly enrolled mm high school at two public schools m Viçosa-MG. The observational study sample consisted of 308 adolescents, while the experimental design consisted of 20 adolescents, equally divided into two groups - control (CG) and physical exercise (GPE). Questionnaires were applied to obtam sociodemographic information, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ST, EH, SQ and ES. By means of anthropometric procedures, the WC was evaluated, considering the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHItR). BP was measured using an automatic digital device and CF was estimated by applying a step test. In the experimental study, the prescribed PE sessions took place 3 times a week, for eight weeks, at moderate intensity. Before and after the experiment, information on BMI, WHIR, CF, BP and EH were collected for intragroup comparison. The results of the first phase indicated that the individuals 1n the “ST <P50” group were 2.08 times more likely to have “BMI health protection (<P50)” and 2.32 times more likely to have “WHIR health protection (<P50)”, when compared with those in the “ST >P50” group. As for BP, girls were 5.55 times more likely to have “normal BP” values when compared to boys. As for CF, boys expressed 5.92 times more chances of presenting “CF >P50” when compared to girls, while individuals 1n the “MVPA >P50” group were 1.69 times more likely to have “CF >P50” when compared to adolescents 1n the “MVPA <P50” group. As for the findings of the second phase, it was verified that the virtual program of PE's contributed to improvements im CF and in the reduction of the frequency of weekly consumption of a health risk food, while those who maintained their usual routine showed an increase in WHtR values. It is concluded, then, that the results found indicate the need to encourage active behaviors and reduce sedentary behaviors (especially with regard to daily screen time), in order to obtain improvements 1n terms of BC, CF and EH, being here, proposed a practical strategy (virtual PE’s program) was proposed to improve aspects related to the health of adolescents, with the possibility of promoting and supporting other investigations that explore the effects of virtual PE's programs. Keywords: Adolescents. Virtual physical exercise. Physical activity. Screen time. Eating habits. Sleep quality. Stress. Body composition. Blood pressure. Cardiorespiratory fitness.
The general objective of this dissertation was to associate individual predictors - gender, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), sleep quality (SQ) and stress symptoms (ES), with health indicators - body composition (BC), blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), as well as verifying the effects of a virtual program of physical exercises (PE”s) on these health indicators and eating habits (EH). This 1s an investigation that includes an observational and an experimental study, carried out with adolescents of both sexes, between 15 and 19 years old, regularly enrolled mm high school at two public schools m Viçosa-MG. The observational study sample consisted of 308 adolescents, while the experimental design consisted of 20 adolescents, equally divided into two groups - control (CG) and physical exercise (GPE). Questionnaires were applied to obtam sociodemographic information, moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), ST, EH, SQ and ES. By means of anthropometric procedures, the WC was evaluated, considering the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-height ratio (WHItR). BP was measured using an automatic digital device and CF was estimated by applying a step test. In the experimental study, the prescribed PE sessions took place 3 times a week, for eight weeks, at moderate intensity. Before and after the experiment, information on BMI, WHIR, CF, BP and EH were collected for intragroup comparison. The results of the first phase indicated that the individuals 1n the “ST <P50” group were 2.08 times more likely to have “BMI health protection (<P50)” and 2.32 times more likely to have “WHIR health protection (<P50)”, when compared with those in the “ST >P50” group. As for BP, girls were 5.55 times more likely to have “normal BP” values when compared to boys. As for CF, boys expressed 5.92 times more chances of presenting “CF >P50” when compared to girls, while individuals 1n the “MVPA >P50” group were 1.69 times more likely to have “CF >P50” when compared to adolescents 1n the “MVPA <P50” group. As for the findings of the second phase, it was verified that the virtual program of PE's contributed to improvements im CF and in the reduction of the frequency of weekly consumption of a health risk food, while those who maintained their usual routine showed an increase in WHtR values. It is concluded, then, that the results found indicate the need to encourage active behaviors and reduce sedentary behaviors (especially with regard to daily screen time), in order to obtain improvements 1n terms of BC, CF and EH, being here, proposed a practical strategy (virtual PE’s program) was proposed to improve aspects related to the health of adolescents, with the possibility of promoting and supporting other investigations that explore the effects of virtual PE's programs. Keywords: Adolescents. Virtual physical exercise. Physical activity. Screen time. Eating habits. Sleep quality. Stress. Body composition. Blood pressure. Cardiorespiratory fitness.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Exercícios físicos, Adolescentes, Adolescentes - Alimentos, Adolescentes - Sono - Qualidade, Estresse em adolescentes, Composição corporal, Pressão arterial, Aptidão cardiorrespiratória
Citação
REGAZI, Mateus Duarte. Preditores individuais e indicadores de saúde em adolescentes de Viçosa - MG: um estudo observacional e uma proposta de programa virtual de exercícios físicos. 2023. 161 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.