Carbono orgânico e nitrogênio em agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob duas coberturas vegetais
Arquivos
Data
2007-07
Autores
Passos, Renato Ribeiro
Ruiz, Hugo Alberto
Cantarutti, Reinaldo Bertola
Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A matéria orgânica do solo apresenta constituição variada, incluindo desde frações ativas a mais estáveis, com diferentes taxas de ciclagem. Práticas de manejo alteram os teores de carbono orgânico e N, a qualidade da matéria orgânica e a agregação dos solos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar o carbono orgânico e o N em agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de Minas Gerais sob vegetação natural de Cerradão e sob cultivo com milho durante 30 anos. Para isso, retiraram-se amostras do solo em quatro pontos diferentes nas profundidades de 5–10 e 15–20 cm, que foram fracionadas, por via seca, nas classes de agregados de: 4,75–2,0; 2,0–1,0; 1,0–0,5; 0,5–0,25; 0,25–0,105; e < 0,105 mm de diâmetro. Nesses materiais, determinaram-se: o carbono orgânico total (COT) e o solúvel em água (COS), o N total (NT) e o mineralizado em condição anaeróbia (NMA). Em média, os agregados do solo sob cultivo convencional apresentaram teores de COT superiores, mas os agregados da camada superficial do solo do Cerradão apresentaram maiores teores de NT. Os teores de COS e de NMA, que caracterizam a fração mais ativa da matéria orgânica, foram significativamente maiores nos agregados do solo do Cerradão. Os agregados de menor tamanho tenderam a apresentar maiores teores de COT, NT e NMA. As relações C/N, COT/COS e NT/NMA nos agregados do solo cultivado com milho foram, em média, maiores. Na profundidade de 15–20 cm, os agregados apresentaram relação NT/NMA consistentemente maior. No entanto, independentemente da camada do solo, a menor relação NT/NMA ocorreu na menor classe de agregados, indicando presença de formas mais lábeis de N. Os resultados mostraram que o tipo de cobertura vegetal e o manejo do solo influenciaram tanto os teores de carbono orgânico e de N como a qualidade da matéria orgânica. Os agregados de menor tamanho, além de serem responsáveis pelo maior estoque de matéria orgânica do solo, representam importantes sítios de N mineralizável. O COS, o NMA e as relações COT/COS e NT/NMA constituem medidas promissoras para detectar mudanças na labilidade da matéria orgânica do solo, em função do manejo.
Soil organic matter is constituted by a vast array of compounds that include active and more stable fractions, with different cycling rates. Management practices affect organic carbon and nitrogen contents, organic matter quality, and soil aggregation. The present study aimed to characterize organic carbon and nitrogen in aggregates of a Dystrophic Red Latosol of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in an area of native vegetation (Cerradão) and another one that has been for 30 years under conventional corn cultivation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 5–10 and 15–20 cm at four different sites. The dried samples were fractioned in the following aggregate classes: diameter 4.75–2.0; 2.0–1.0; 1.0–0.5; 0.5–0.25; 0.25–0.105; and less than 0.105 mm. Total organic carbon (COT), water soluble organic carbon (COS), total nitrogen (NT) and anaerobically-mineralized nitrogen (NMA) were determined for each sample. On average, the COT contents of soil aggregates under conventional tillage were higher, while NT contents were greater in the aggregates of the Cerradão surface layer. The COS and NMA contents, that correspond to more active fractions of organic matter, were significantly higher in aggregates of Cerradão soil. Aggregates of smaller size tended to present higher contents of COT, NT and NMA. Ratios of C/N, COT/COS and NT/NMA were, on average, higher in aggregates of soils under corn. The NT/NMA ratio was significantly higher in the 15–20 cm layer. However, independent of the soil, the lowest NT/NMA ratios were observed in the smallest aggregate classes, indicating the presence of more labile nitrogen forms. Results showed that vegetation cover type and soil management influenced not only the organic carbon and nitrogen contents, but also organic matter quality. Smaller aggregates are not only responsible for a greater stock of organic matter in the soil but also represent important sites of mineralizable nitrogen. The COS, NMA and the ratios of COT/COS and NT/NMA represent valuable indicators to detect alterations in the lability of organic matter due to management.
Soil organic matter is constituted by a vast array of compounds that include active and more stable fractions, with different cycling rates. Management practices affect organic carbon and nitrogen contents, organic matter quality, and soil aggregation. The present study aimed to characterize organic carbon and nitrogen in aggregates of a Dystrophic Red Latosol of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in an area of native vegetation (Cerradão) and another one that has been for 30 years under conventional corn cultivation. Soil samples were collected at depths of 5–10 and 15–20 cm at four different sites. The dried samples were fractioned in the following aggregate classes: diameter 4.75–2.0; 2.0–1.0; 1.0–0.5; 0.5–0.25; 0.25–0.105; and less than 0.105 mm. Total organic carbon (COT), water soluble organic carbon (COS), total nitrogen (NT) and anaerobically-mineralized nitrogen (NMA) were determined for each sample. On average, the COT contents of soil aggregates under conventional tillage were higher, while NT contents were greater in the aggregates of the Cerradão surface layer. The COS and NMA contents, that correspond to more active fractions of organic matter, were significantly higher in aggregates of Cerradão soil. Aggregates of smaller size tended to present higher contents of COT, NT and NMA. Ratios of C/N, COT/COS and NT/NMA were, on average, higher in aggregates of soils under corn. The NT/NMA ratio was significantly higher in the 15–20 cm layer. However, independent of the soil, the lowest NT/NMA ratios were observed in the smallest aggregate classes, indicating the presence of more labile nitrogen forms. Results showed that vegetation cover type and soil management influenced not only the organic carbon and nitrogen contents, but also organic matter quality. Smaller aggregates are not only responsible for a greater stock of organic matter in the soil but also represent important sites of mineralizable nitrogen. The COS, NMA and the ratios of COT/COS and NT/NMA represent valuable indicators to detect alterations in the lability of organic matter due to management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Matéria orgânica do solo, Mineralização do nitrogênio, Agregação, Manejo