Relações molares de macronutrientes em tecidos vegetais como base para a formulação de soluções nutritivas
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Revista Ceres
Abstract
Para se determinarem as relações molares de macronutrientes em plantas de arroz, cevada, feijão, jiló, milho, pimentão, soja, sorgo, tomate, trigo e triticale, com o objetivo de formular soluções nutritivas específicas para essas culturas, foram conduzidos ensaios, em casa de vegetação, com diversas linhagens dessas culturas. O material foi transplantado, após semeadura em caixa com areia lavada, para vasos com solução nutritiva de Clark. Os experimentos, em blocos casualizados, tiveram três ou quatro repetições, segundo cada caso específico, com duas plantas por vaso. A solução nutritiva foi trocada a cada quatro dias, para assegurar um fornecimento adequado de nutrientes, e o pH ajustado em 5,5. Decorrido o tempo necessário, o material foi colhido, determinando-se o. teor de macronutrientes. Calcularam-se as relações molares N/K, P/K, Ca/K, Mg/K e S/K. Na formulação resultante, baseada nas maiores relações molares, acrescentou-se 20% na concentração dos outros macronutrientes em relação ao potássio, transformando-o no nutriente limitante. Assim, a necessidade de troca da solução nutritiva é indicada pela concentração de potássio, determinada por fotometria de emissão de chama na alíquota tomada para o ajuste do pH. Sugerem-se soluções nutritivas específicas para cada cultura em estudo.
In order to determine macronutrient molar relations and preparei culture solutions for rice, barley, bean, "jiló" (Solanum gilo), corn, pepper, soybean, sorghum, tomato, wheat and triticale, eleven greenhouse experiments were conducted, using several cultivars of each culture. Two seediings of each cultivar were transplanted to pots containing Clark's nutrient solution. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with three or four replicates, in accordance with materials availability. The culture solution was replaced every four days, in order to get an appropriate nutrient supply, and the pH adjusted to 5.5. After a convenient growing period, different for each culture, the plants were taken out, the macronutrient contents determined, and the molar relations N/K, P/K, Ca/K, Mg/K and S/K calculated for every cultivar. The specific nutrient solution for each culture was based on the greatest molar relations. Besides, every nutrient concentration was increased in 20% in relation to that of potassium, transformed in the limiting macronutrient. Consequently, the potassium concentration, determined by flame photometry, will indicate the need of replacement for the culture solution. Nutrient solutions for the eleven cultures are suggested.
In order to determine macronutrient molar relations and preparei culture solutions for rice, barley, bean, "jiló" (Solanum gilo), corn, pepper, soybean, sorghum, tomato, wheat and triticale, eleven greenhouse experiments were conducted, using several cultivars of each culture. Two seediings of each cultivar were transplanted to pots containing Clark's nutrient solution. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design, with three or four replicates, in accordance with materials availability. The culture solution was replaced every four days, in order to get an appropriate nutrient supply, and the pH adjusted to 5.5. After a convenient growing period, different for each culture, the plants were taken out, the macronutrient contents determined, and the molar relations N/K, P/K, Ca/K, Mg/K and S/K calculated for every cultivar. The specific nutrient solution for each culture was based on the greatest molar relations. Besides, every nutrient concentration was increased in 20% in relation to that of potassium, transformed in the limiting macronutrient. Consequently, the potassium concentration, determined by flame photometry, will indicate the need of replacement for the culture solution. Nutrient solutions for the eleven cultures are suggested.
