Decifrando a conexão entre o metabolismo de aminoácidos e a interação planta-patógeno: papel do WRKY45
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Fatores ambientais, como variações no pH e na disponibilidade de nutrientes, podem favorecer a proliferação de patógenos, como Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, um modelo amplamente utilizado no estudo das interações planta- patógeno em Arabidopsis thaliana. A defesa vegetal contra infecções ocorre por meio de dois mecanismos principais: a imunidade desencadeada por padrões moleculares associados a patógenos (PTI) e a imunidade mediada por efetores (ETI), ambas reguladas por fatores de transcrição (FTs), incluindo a família WRKY. Dentre esses reguladores, o FT WRKY45 tem sido associado à regulação de respostas imunes em plantas, modulando a expressão de NPR1 e a biossíntese do ácido salicílico (AS), um hormônio essencial para a resistência sistêmica adquirida (SAR). Além de seu papel na defesa, WRKY45 também influencia a homeostase de aminoácidos, impactando o metabolismo energético e a sinalização à estresses. Em experimentos com mutantes T-DNA e plantas superexpressando WRKY45 (35S- WRKY45), observou-se que os genótipos transgênicos foram mais eficazes na contenção da infecção por P. syringae, possivelmente devido a um aumento na mobilização de reservas energéticas e na regulação do metabolismo de carboidratos e aminoácidos. Tanto a infecção por P. syringae quanto a aplicação exógena de AS desencadearam alterações metabólicas significativas, incluindo variações nos níveis de amido e açúcares solúveis, sugerindo estratégias energéticas distintas entre os genótipos ora analisados. Com efeito, os mutantes 35S-WRKY45 apresentaram uma alocação energética mais eficiente para defesa, suprimindo o crescimento bacteriano sem, no entanto, comprometer significativamente o desenvolvimento. Ademais, WRKY45 está envolvido na regulação da senescência foliar e na mobilização de nutrientes, contribuindo para a resposta imune das plantas e reforçando seu papel central na interação planta-patógeno. Palavras-chave: ácido salicílico ; WRKY ; NPR1 ; aminoácidos ; SAR
Environmental factors, such as variations in pH and nutrient availability, can favor the proliferation of pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, a widely used model in the study of plant-pathogen interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant defense against infections occurs through two main mechanisms: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both regulated by transcription factors (TFs), including the WRKY family. Among these regulators, the WRKY45 TF has been associated with the regulation of immune responses in plants, modulating the expression of NPR1 and the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA), a key hormone for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to its role in defense, WRKY45 also influences amino acid homeostasis, impacting energy metabolism and stress signaling. In experiments with T-DNA mutants and WRKY45-overexpressing plants (35S-WRKY45), transgenic genotypes were more effective in containing P. syringae infection, possibly due to an increase in the mobilization of energy reserves and the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Both P. syringae infection and exogenous SA application triggered significant metabolic alterations, including variations in starch and soluble sugar levels, suggesting distinct energy strategies among the analyzed genotypes. Indeed, 35S-WRKY45 mutants exhibited a more efficient energy allocation for defense, suppressing bacterial growth without significantly compromising development. Furthermore, WRKY45 is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence and nutrient mobilization, contributing to plant immune response and reinforcing its central role in plant-pathogen interactions. Keywords: salicylic acid; WRKY; NPR1; amino acids; SAR
Environmental factors, such as variations in pH and nutrient availability, can favor the proliferation of pathogens like Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, a widely used model in the study of plant-pathogen interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant defense against infections occurs through two main mechanisms: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both regulated by transcription factors (TFs), including the WRKY family. Among these regulators, the WRKY45 TF has been associated with the regulation of immune responses in plants, modulating the expression of NPR1 and the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA), a key hormone for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to its role in defense, WRKY45 also influences amino acid homeostasis, impacting energy metabolism and stress signaling. In experiments with T-DNA mutants and WRKY45-overexpressing plants (35S-WRKY45), transgenic genotypes were more effective in containing P. syringae infection, possibly due to an increase in the mobilization of energy reserves and the regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Both P. syringae infection and exogenous SA application triggered significant metabolic alterations, including variations in starch and soluble sugar levels, suggesting distinct energy strategies among the analyzed genotypes. Indeed, 35S-WRKY45 mutants exhibited a more efficient energy allocation for defense, suppressing bacterial growth without significantly compromising development. Furthermore, WRKY45 is involved in the regulation of leaf senescence and nutrient mobilization, contributing to plant immune response and reinforcing its central role in plant-pathogen interactions. Keywords: salicylic acid; WRKY; NPR1; amino acids; SAR
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PIMENTEL, Karla Gobbi. Decifrando a conexão entre o metabolismo de aminoácidos e a interação planta-patógeno: papel do WRKY45. 2025. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
