Desenvolvimento e validação de marcadores microssatélites para Calonectria pteridis e espécies associadas à mancha-de-calonectria no Sul do Brasil
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A mancha-de-calonectria constitui uma das principais doenças foliares do eucalipto no Brasil, causando desfolha severa, redução do crescimento e, consequentemente, redução da produtividade de madeira. A etiologia dessa doença é complexa, envolvendo múltiplas espécies do gênero Calonectria, cuja elevada similaridade morfológica e diversidade taxonômica dificultam a identificação precisa dos agentes etiológicos e a compreensão de sua dinâmica epidemiológica. Embora Calonectria pteridis seja amplamente reconhecida como o principal agente causal da doença em regiões tropicais e equatoriais do Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre estrutura genética populacional, variabilidade intraespecífica e dinâmica evolutiva associada aos isolados pertencentes ao complexo Calonectria pteridis. Adicionalmente, evidências recentes indicam que a etiologia da mancha-de-calonectria em regiões subtropicais do Sul do Brasil difere substancialmente daquela observada em áreas de clima mais quente, com predomínio de espécies pertencentes ao complexo Calonectria candelabrum. Nesse contexto, esta tese teve como objetivo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade e estrutura genética populacional de Calonectria e sobre as espécies associadas à mancha-de-calonectria em eucalipto no Brasil, integrando ferramentas de genética populacional e filogenia. No primeiro capítulo, foram desenvolvidos e validados marcadores microssatélites (SSR) genômicos e gênicos para isolados pertencentes ao complexo Calonectria pteridis, posteriormente aplicados à investigação da diversidade genética e da estrutura populacional em diferentes regiões produtoras de eucalipto no Brasil. Os resultados revelaram diversidade genética moderada, estruturação populacional significativa entre regiões geográficas e evidências de predominância de reprodução clonal, além de elevada transferibilidade dos marcadores para espécies filogeneticamente relacionadas. No segundo capítulo, análises filogenéticas multilocus permitiram identificar as espécies associadas à mancha-de-calonectria em plantios de eucalipto localizados no Sul do Brasil, demonstrando a predominância de espécies pertencentes ao complexo Calonectria candelabrum, além da identificação de linhagens filogeneticamente distintas potencialmente não descritas. Em conjunto, os resultados ampliam o entendimento da diversidade de Calonectria e das espécies associadas à mancha- de-calonectria no Brasil, subsidiando o refinamento taxonômico, o manejo da doença e o melhoramento do eucalipto para resistência. Palavras-chave: marcadores moleculares; filogenia; estudo etiológico; clima; Cylindrocladium.
Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important foliar diseases of eucalyptus in Brazil, causing severe defoliation, reduced tree growth, and, consequently, reduced wood productivity. The etiology of this disease is complex, involving multiple species of the genus Calonectria, whose high morphological similarity and taxonomic diversity hinder the accurate identification of the causal agents and the understanding of their epidemiological dynamics. Although Calonectria pteridis is widely recognized as the primary causal agent of the disease in tropical and equatorial regions of Brazil, little is known about the population genetic structure, intraspecific variability, and evolutionary dynamics associated with isolates belonging to the Calonectria pteridis species complex. Additionally, recent evidence indicates that the etiology of Calonectria leaf blight in subtropical regions of southern Brazil differs substantially from that observed in warmer regions, with a predominance of species belonging to the Calonectria candelabrum species complex. In this context, this thesis aimed to expand the current knowledge of the diversity and population genetic structure of Calonectria, as well as the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in eucalyptus in Brazil, integrating population genetics and phylogenetic approaches. In the first chapter, genomic and genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and validated for isolates belonging to the Calonectria pteridis species complex and subsequently applied to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of isolates from different eucalyptus-producing regions in Brazil. The results revealed moderate genetic diversity, significant population structuring among geographic regions, evidence of predominant clonal reproduction, and high transferability of the markers to phylogenetically related species. In the second chapter, multilocus phylogenetic analyses enabled the identification of the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in eucalyptus plantations located in southern Brazil, demonstrating the predominance of species belonging to the Calonectria candelabrum species complex, as well as the identification of phylogenetically distinct lineages that are potentially undescribed. Collectively, these findings expand the current understanding of Calonectria diversity and the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in Brazil, providing support for taxonomic refinement, disease management, and eucalyptus breeding for disease resistance. Keywords: molecular markers; phylogeny; climate; Cylindrocladium.
Calonectria leaf blight is one of the most important foliar diseases of eucalyptus in Brazil, causing severe defoliation, reduced tree growth, and, consequently, reduced wood productivity. The etiology of this disease is complex, involving multiple species of the genus Calonectria, whose high morphological similarity and taxonomic diversity hinder the accurate identification of the causal agents and the understanding of their epidemiological dynamics. Although Calonectria pteridis is widely recognized as the primary causal agent of the disease in tropical and equatorial regions of Brazil, little is known about the population genetic structure, intraspecific variability, and evolutionary dynamics associated with isolates belonging to the Calonectria pteridis species complex. Additionally, recent evidence indicates that the etiology of Calonectria leaf blight in subtropical regions of southern Brazil differs substantially from that observed in warmer regions, with a predominance of species belonging to the Calonectria candelabrum species complex. In this context, this thesis aimed to expand the current knowledge of the diversity and population genetic structure of Calonectria, as well as the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in eucalyptus in Brazil, integrating population genetics and phylogenetic approaches. In the first chapter, genomic and genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and validated for isolates belonging to the Calonectria pteridis species complex and subsequently applied to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of isolates from different eucalyptus-producing regions in Brazil. The results revealed moderate genetic diversity, significant population structuring among geographic regions, evidence of predominant clonal reproduction, and high transferability of the markers to phylogenetically related species. In the second chapter, multilocus phylogenetic analyses enabled the identification of the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in eucalyptus plantations located in southern Brazil, demonstrating the predominance of species belonging to the Calonectria candelabrum species complex, as well as the identification of phylogenetically distinct lineages that are potentially undescribed. Collectively, these findings expand the current understanding of Calonectria diversity and the species associated with Calonectria leaf blight in Brazil, providing support for taxonomic refinement, disease management, and eucalyptus breeding for disease resistance. Keywords: molecular markers; phylogeny; climate; Cylindrocladium.
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CARDOSO, Renata Sena. Desenvolvimento e validação de marcadores microssatélites para Calonectria pteridis e espécies associadas à mancha-de-calonectria no Sul do Brasil. 2026. 102 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
