Propriedades hipoglicêmicas, antiglicação e antioxidantes in vitro de extratos fenólicos da casca de jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) é uma fruta nativa do Brasil rica em compostos fenólicos, que tem potenciais benefícios à saúde. No entanto, os maiores teores de seus nutrientes e fitoquímicos que podem apresentar benefícios à saúde são encontrados na casca, que geralmente é descartada. Neste trabalho, extratos fenólicos da casca de jabuticaba foram estudados quanto aos potenciais efeitos inibitórios in vitro de enzimas digestivas ligadas ao diabetes mellitus (DM) e à obesidade, assim como a inibição da glicação da albumina sérica bovina (BSA) e atividades antioxidantes. O impacto da digestão gastrointestinal in vitro na estabilidade dos compostos fenólicos e bioatividades também foi avaliado. Os extratos mostraram-se eficazes inibidores das enzimas α-glicosidase e α-amilase, com valores de IC50 variando de 0,47 a 5,20 mg/mL e 0,45 a 1,88 mg/mL, respectivamente. Em relação a enzima lipase, os extratos apresentaram uma moderada inibição, com valores de IC50 variando de 13,52 a 111,51 mg/mL. Os extratos também foram capazes de inibir a glicação de BSA mediada pelos açúcares ribose e glicose e sequestrar os radicais livres ABTS e DPPH, além de ter o seu potencial antioxidante relatado pelo poder de redução do ferro. Os resultados indicaram as antocianinas como os principais compostos contribuintes para as atividades bioativas estudadas. Posteriormente, em estudo cinético da inibição, os resultados mostraram que a inibição das enzimas α-glicosidase, α-amilase e lipase pelas antocianinas do extrato purificado é do tipo competitivo. Após a digestão gastrointestinal in vitro, houve diminuição do conteúdo de antocianinas do extrato, bem como redução das atividades antioxidantes e inibitórias das enzimas digestivas de carboidratos e da glicação de BSA. Apesar disso, ainda houveram significativas atividades bioativas ao final da digestão. Considerando sua composição e potenciais benefícios à saúde, este estudo forneceu dados científicos para reforçar a exploração das cascas de jabuticaba. A suplementação da dieta com esses compostos poderá ainda impactar no risco de desenvolvimento do DM e também auxiliar em maior controle das complicações relacionadas a essa doença. Os resultados obtidos são uma primeira abordagem para entender o potencial dos extratos da casca de jabuticaba no manejo do DM e os efeitos induzidos pela digestão gastrointestinal nas propriedades bioativas e no perfil fenólico. No entanto, estudos adicionais in vivo são necessários para compreender completamente os efeitos à saúde, estabilidade e biodisponibilidade dos compostos fenólicos da casca de jabuticaba. Palavras-chave: AGEs. Diabetes mellitus. Enzimas. Inibição enzimática. Polifenóis.
Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a native fruit from Brazil rich in phenolic compounds, which has potential health benefits. However, the highest levels of its nutrients and phytochemicals that can have health benefits are found in the peel, which is usually discarded. The aim of this work was to study the jabuticaba peel phenolic extracts regarding its potential in vitro inhibitory effects of digestive enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, as well as the inhibition of glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antioxidant activities. The impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of phenolic compounds and bioactivities was also evaluated. The extracts were effective inhibitors of the enzymes α- glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values ranging from 0.47 to 5.20 mg/mL and 0.45 to 1.88 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding the lipase enzyme, the extracts presented a moderate inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 13.52 to 111.51 mg/mL. The extracts also inhibited the BSA glycation mediated by the sugars ribose and glucose and sequester the free radicals ABTS and DPPH, in addition to present antioxidant potential reported by its iron-reducing power. The results indicated anthocyanins as the main contributing compounds for the bioactive activities studied. Subsequently, in the inhibition kinetic study, the results showed that the inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase enzymes by the anthocyanins purified extract is competitive. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, there was a decrease in the anthocyanin content of the extract, as well as a reduction of the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and BSA glycation. Despite this, there were still significant bioactive activities at the end of digestion. Considering the composition of jabuticaba and its potential health benefits, this study provided scientific data to contribute to more studies regarding the jabuticaba peel. Supplementing the diet with these compounds may also influence the risk of developing DM and assist in greater control of complications related to this disease. The results obtained are a first approach to understand the potential of jabuticaba peel extracts in the management of DM and the effects induced by gastrointestinal digestion on its bioactive properties and phenolic profile. However, additional in vivo studies are needed to fully understand the health effects, stability, and bioavailability of the phenolic compounds from the jabuticaba peel. Keywords: AGEs. Diabetes mellitus. Enzymes. Enzymatic inhibition. Polyphenols.
Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) is a native fruit from Brazil rich in phenolic compounds, which has potential health benefits. However, the highest levels of its nutrients and phytochemicals that can have health benefits are found in the peel, which is usually discarded. The aim of this work was to study the jabuticaba peel phenolic extracts regarding its potential in vitro inhibitory effects of digestive enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, as well as the inhibition of glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antioxidant activities. The impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of phenolic compounds and bioactivities was also evaluated. The extracts were effective inhibitors of the enzymes α- glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values ranging from 0.47 to 5.20 mg/mL and 0.45 to 1.88 mg/mL, respectively. Regarding the lipase enzyme, the extracts presented a moderate inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 13.52 to 111.51 mg/mL. The extracts also inhibited the BSA glycation mediated by the sugars ribose and glucose and sequester the free radicals ABTS and DPPH, in addition to present antioxidant potential reported by its iron-reducing power. The results indicated anthocyanins as the main contributing compounds for the bioactive activities studied. Subsequently, in the inhibition kinetic study, the results showed that the inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase enzymes by the anthocyanins purified extract is competitive. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, there was a decrease in the anthocyanin content of the extract, as well as a reduction of the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and BSA glycation. Despite this, there were still significant bioactive activities at the end of digestion. Considering the composition of jabuticaba and its potential health benefits, this study provided scientific data to contribute to more studies regarding the jabuticaba peel. Supplementing the diet with these compounds may also influence the risk of developing DM and assist in greater control of complications related to this disease. The results obtained are a first approach to understand the potential of jabuticaba peel extracts in the management of DM and the effects induced by gastrointestinal digestion on its bioactive properties and phenolic profile. However, additional in vivo studies are needed to fully understand the health effects, stability, and bioavailability of the phenolic compounds from the jabuticaba peel. Keywords: AGEs. Diabetes mellitus. Enzymes. Enzymatic inhibition. Polyphenols.
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Citation
BORGES, Larissa Lorrane Rodrigues. Propriedades hipoglicêmicas, antiglicação e antioxidantes in vitro de extratos fenólicos da casca de jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora).2021. 84 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
