Juventudes do campo: interseções entre projetos de vida, trajetórias e a educação agroecológica na Zona da Mata mineira
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Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
Abstract
Esta tese analisa a influência da educação agroecológica na conformação dos projetos de vida e nas trajetórias profissionais das juventudes do campo. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvida por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com jovens do campo, estudantes e egressos/as, e educadores/as das EFAs Paulo Freire e Puris, localizadas na Zona da Mata mineira. A hipótese inicial, de que esse processo educativo contribui para fortalecer o sentimento de vínculo dos/das jovens do campo com o território camponês e influencia na conformação de suas identidades, de seus projetos de vida e trajetórias profissionais, fomentando processos de territorialização da agroecologia e possibilitando a permanência no campo, foi parcialmente confirmada. Os resultados revelam que a experiência formativa por meio da educação agroecológica nas EFAs promove reflexões críticas sobre os modelos de desenvolvimento do campo e contribui para o fortalecimento dos vínculos territoriais e da identidade camponesa entre as juventudes do campo. Observa-se que parte dos/as jovens segue trabalhando como agricultor/a e passam a adotar práticas de manejo sustentável e a protagonizar experiências de territorialização da agroecologia, de toda forma, o manejo convencional predomina. Verificou-se também distinções de gênero nas trajetórias juvenis, em que as mulheres enfrentam maior restrição de oportunidades e menor autonomia, muitas vezes recorrendo à migração para centros urbanos. A maior motivação para saída do campo tem sido a busca pela continuidade dos estudos em cursos superiores. Conclui-se que a educação agroecológica constitui um importante instrumento de resistência e de fortalecimento da identidade camponesa entre as juventudes do campo, mas sua efetividade na promoção da permanência no campo, sucessão na agricultura familiar e na territorialização da agroecologia é limitada pela ausência de políticas públicas direcionadas às juventudes do campo e por desafios impostos pelo modelo hegemônico do agronegócio. Palavras-chave: Juventudes do campo, Agroecologia, Educação do Campo, Projetos de Vida e Escola Família Agrícola
This thesis examines the influence of agroecological education on the life projects and professional trajectories of the rural youth. Using a qualitative approach, the study was developed through in-depth interviews with the rural youth, both students and former students, as well as educators of the Paulo Freire and Puris Family Farming Schools (EFAs), located in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. The initial hypotheses that this educational process contributes to strengthen the young people’s connection to the rural territories and shape their identities, life projects and career paths, while fostering the territorialization of agroecology and enabling them to remain in rural areas was partially confirmed. The findings reveal that agroecological education promotes critical reflections on the rural development models and contributes to strengthen the territorial ties and rural identity among young people. Part of the youth continues working in agriculture, adopting sustainable practices and engaging in agroecological initiatives, although conventional farming remains predominant. The study also identifies gender disparities in the young people’s trajectories, with women facing more limited opportunities and less autonomy, often resorting to migration to urban centres. The primary motivation for leaving rural areas is the pursuit of higher education. In conclusion, agroecological education is a significant tool for resistance and for strengthening rural youth identity, though its effectiveness in promoting rural retention, succession in family farming and agroecological territorialization is constrained by the lack of public policies targeting the rural youth and by the dominance of the agribusiness model. Keywords: Rural youth, Agroecology, Rural education, Life projects and Family Farming School.
This thesis examines the influence of agroecological education on the life projects and professional trajectories of the rural youth. Using a qualitative approach, the study was developed through in-depth interviews with the rural youth, both students and former students, as well as educators of the Paulo Freire and Puris Family Farming Schools (EFAs), located in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais. The initial hypotheses that this educational process contributes to strengthen the young people’s connection to the rural territories and shape their identities, life projects and career paths, while fostering the territorialization of agroecology and enabling them to remain in rural areas was partially confirmed. The findings reveal that agroecological education promotes critical reflections on the rural development models and contributes to strengthen the territorial ties and rural identity among young people. Part of the youth continues working in agriculture, adopting sustainable practices and engaging in agroecological initiatives, although conventional farming remains predominant. The study also identifies gender disparities in the young people’s trajectories, with women facing more limited opportunities and less autonomy, often resorting to migration to urban centres. The primary motivation for leaving rural areas is the pursuit of higher education. In conclusion, agroecological education is a significant tool for resistance and for strengthening rural youth identity, though its effectiveness in promoting rural retention, succession in family farming and agroecological territorialization is constrained by the lack of public policies targeting the rural youth and by the dominance of the agribusiness model. Keywords: Rural youth, Agroecology, Rural education, Life projects and Family Farming School.
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SOUSA, Tommy Flávio Cardoso Wanick Loureiro de. Juventudes do campo: interseções entre projetos de vida, trajetórias e a educação agroecológica na Zona da Mata mineira. 2025. 208 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Mariana. 2025.
