Beleza cênica e dinâmica fenológica de árvores urbanas: implicações para a conservação da paisagem
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como os atributos fenológicos das árvores urbanas influenciam sua valoração estética e como essas percepções se relacionam com estratégias de conservação e planejamento paisagístico. A pesquisa foi realizada em Viçosa (MG), integrando dados ecológicos, meteorológicos e perceptivos em uma abordagem multidisciplinar voltada à valorização do papel da vegetação arbórea no ambiente urbano. Durante um ano, foram monitorados os estágios de floração, frutificação e foliação de doze espécies amplamente utilizadas na arborização do campus. Esses dados fenológicos foram correlacionados com variáveis meteorológicas: temperatura, precipitação, umidade relativa e fotoperíodo, que atuam sobre a adaptação local das espécies. As espécies analisadas apresentaram estratégias fenológicas distintas, moduladas pela interação entre fatores térmicos, hídricos e lumínicos, que refletem diferentes formas de adaptação às condições sazonais do ambiente urbano. A floração esteve, em geral, associada à temperatura mínima e ao aumento do fotoperíodo, embora o sentido das correlações tenha variado entre as espécies .A frutificação, por sua vez, foi influenciada principalmente pela umidade relativa e pela temperatura, com espécies de frutos secos apresentando correlações negativas com essas variáveis e espécies de frutos carnosos respondendo positivamente, refletindo estratégias reprodutivas complementares que asseguram oferta contínua de recursos ao longo do ano. Já a foliação mostrou significativa correlação com os acumulados de precipitação. Paralelamente, foi analisada a percepção da população da cidade em relação às mesmas espécies, por meio de imagens fotográficas avaliadas com base no método Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE). Os resultados apontaram preferência por árvores com flores amarelas, copas elípticas e de grande porte. Além disso, identificou-se uma correlação positiva entre o reconhecimento das espécies e sua valoração estética, sugerindo que atributos visuais marcantes favorecem a criação de vínculos afetivos e incentivam atitudes de conservação. Conclui-se que a atratividade visual das espécies estudadas varia ao longo dos ciclos fenológicos. Espécies com floradas intensas acompanhadas pela queda de folhas apresentaram picos de beleza cênica em períodos específicos do ano, enquanto aquelas com floração prolongada ou folhagem densa mantiveram níveis de atratividade mais constantes ao longo das estações. Essa oscilação reforça a importância de considerar o fator temporal no planejamento paisagístico, promovendo a combinação de espécies com apelos estéticos complementares. Ao integrar dados fenológicos com valoração estética, este estudo oferece subsídios relevantes para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de arborização e conservação mais sensíveis, capazes de criar paisagens urbanas dinâmicas, simbólicas e sensorialmente enriquecedoras. Palavras-chave: Fenologia urbana; Beleza cênica; Percepção ambiental; Estética; Arborização urbana; Planejamento paisagístico.
This study aimed to understand how the phenological attributes of urban trees influence their aesthetic value and how these perceptions relate to conservation and landscape planning strategies. The research was conducted in Viçosa (MG), integrating ecological, meteorological, and perceptual data in a multidisciplinary approach focused on valuing the role of tree vegetation in the urban environment. Over the course of a year, the flowering, fruiting, and foliation stages of twelve species widely used in campus tree planting were monitored. These phenological data were correlated with meteorological variables: temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and photoperiod, which affect the local adaptation of species. The species analyzed presented distinct phenological strategies, modulated by the interaction between thermal, water, and light factors, which reflect different forms of adaptation to the seasonal conditions of the urban environment. Flowering was generally associated with minimum temperature and increased photoperiod, although the direction of the correlations varied among species. Fruiting, in turn, was mainly influenced by relative humidity and temperature, with dry fruit species showing negative correlations with these variables and fleshy fruit species responding positively, reflecting complementary reproductive strategies that ensure a continuous supply of resources throughout the year. Foliation, on the other hand, showed a significant correlation with accumulated precipitation. At the same time, the perception of the city's population in relation to the same species was analyzed through photographic images evaluated based on the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. The results pointed to a preference for trees with yellow flowers, elliptical crowns, and large size. In addition, a positive correlation was identified between species recognition and aesthetic valuation, suggesting that striking visual attributes favor the creation of emotional bonds and encourage conservation attitudes. It was concluded that the visual attractiveness of the species studied varies throughout the phenological cycles. Species with intense flowering accompanied by leaf fall showed peaks of scenic beauty at specific times of the year, while those with prolonged flowering or dense foliage maintained more constant levels of attractiveness throughout the seasons. This oscillation reinforces the importance of considering the temporal factor in landscape planning, promoting the combination of species with complementary aesthetic appeals. By integrating phenological data with aesthetic valuation, this study offers relevant subsidies for the development of more sensitive public policies for afforestation and conservation, capable of creating dynamic, symbolic, and sensorially enriching urban landscapes. Keywords: Urban phenology; Scenic beauty; Environmental perception; Aesthetics; Urban forestry; Landscape planning.
This study aimed to understand how the phenological attributes of urban trees influence their aesthetic value and how these perceptions relate to conservation and landscape planning strategies. The research was conducted in Viçosa (MG), integrating ecological, meteorological, and perceptual data in a multidisciplinary approach focused on valuing the role of tree vegetation in the urban environment. Over the course of a year, the flowering, fruiting, and foliation stages of twelve species widely used in campus tree planting were monitored. These phenological data were correlated with meteorological variables: temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and photoperiod, which affect the local adaptation of species. The species analyzed presented distinct phenological strategies, modulated by the interaction between thermal, water, and light factors, which reflect different forms of adaptation to the seasonal conditions of the urban environment. Flowering was generally associated with minimum temperature and increased photoperiod, although the direction of the correlations varied among species. Fruiting, in turn, was mainly influenced by relative humidity and temperature, with dry fruit species showing negative correlations with these variables and fleshy fruit species responding positively, reflecting complementary reproductive strategies that ensure a continuous supply of resources throughout the year. Foliation, on the other hand, showed a significant correlation with accumulated precipitation. At the same time, the perception of the city's population in relation to the same species was analyzed through photographic images evaluated based on the Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method. The results pointed to a preference for trees with yellow flowers, elliptical crowns, and large size. In addition, a positive correlation was identified between species recognition and aesthetic valuation, suggesting that striking visual attributes favor the creation of emotional bonds and encourage conservation attitudes. It was concluded that the visual attractiveness of the species studied varies throughout the phenological cycles. Species with intense flowering accompanied by leaf fall showed peaks of scenic beauty at specific times of the year, while those with prolonged flowering or dense foliage maintained more constant levels of attractiveness throughout the seasons. This oscillation reinforces the importance of considering the temporal factor in landscape planning, promoting the combination of species with complementary aesthetic appeals. By integrating phenological data with aesthetic valuation, this study offers relevant subsidies for the development of more sensitive public policies for afforestation and conservation, capable of creating dynamic, symbolic, and sensorially enriching urban landscapes. Keywords: Urban phenology; Scenic beauty; Environmental perception; Aesthetics; Urban forestry; Landscape planning.
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MOURA, Thiago Allain Martins Siqueira. Beleza cênica e dinâmica fenológica de árvores urbanas: implicações para a conservação da paisagem. 2025. 123 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
