Decomposição de resíduos de culturas e mineralização de nutrientes em solo com diferentes texturas
Data
2015-07-20
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Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A sustentabilidade dos sistemas conservacionistas de produção agrícola está intimamente ligada ao retorno dos nutrientes ao solo, por meio da decomposição dos resíduos vegetais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a decomposição de resíduos culturais e a mineralização de nutrientes em solos com diferentes texturas ao longo de 175 dias de incubação. Os tratamentos consistiram em fatorial 6 x 4 x 5, inicialmente composto por seis tratamentos, sendo quatro resíduos culturais: milho, braquiária, feijão, estilosantes e dois controles, ambos sem resíduo e um com adição de fontes inorgânicas dos nutrientes; quatro diferentes texturas formadas a partir de um mesmo solo e cinco tempos de avaliação após o início da incubação: 0, 25, 75, 125 e 175 dias. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Ao longo do experimento, avaliaram-se a liberação de C-CO2, taxa de decomposição e cinética de mineralização do N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn e Cu dos resíduos. A textura do solo não influenciou a liberação de C-CO2, a massa seca remanescente e a mineralização dos nutrientes dos resíduos culturais. Os resíduos de estilosantes e de braquiária apresentaram maior liberação de C-CO2 e redução de massa seca que os demais resíduos. A mineralização do N, P e S ocorreu de forma inversa às relações C/N, C/P e C/S. A decomposição dos resíduos culturais foi regulada pelos teores de N e extrativos solúveis em água; e a mineralização de macronutrientes, pelos seus respectivos conteúdos iniciais nos resíduos.
The sustainability of conservation farming systems is closely linked to return of nutrients to the soil through decomposition of crop residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate decomposition of crop residues and nutrient mineralization in soils with different textures over a 175-day incubation period. The experimental design consisted of a 6 × 4 × 5 factorial arrangement - six treatments, composed of four crop residues (corn, brachiaria, common bean, and Stylosanthes) and two controls, both without residues, and only one with the addition of inorganic nutrient sources; four different textures formed from the same soil; and evaluation after five incubation times (0, 25, 75, 125, and 175 days). A completely randomized design was used, with four replicates. Release of CO2-C, decomposition rate, and mineralization kinetics of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Cu were evaluated in the crop residues. Soil texture did not influence the amount of CO2-C released, the remaining dry matter, or nutrient mineralization of crop residues. Stylosanthes and brachiaria residues had greater release of CO2-C and reduction in dry matter than the other residues. The mineralization of N, P, and S was inversely proportional to the C/N, C/P, and C/S ratios. The decomposition of crop residues was regulated by the N and water-soluble extractive contents, and mineralization of macronutrients was governed by their respective initial contents in the residues.
The sustainability of conservation farming systems is closely linked to return of nutrients to the soil through decomposition of crop residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate decomposition of crop residues and nutrient mineralization in soils with different textures over a 175-day incubation period. The experimental design consisted of a 6 × 4 × 5 factorial arrangement - six treatments, composed of four crop residues (corn, brachiaria, common bean, and Stylosanthes) and two controls, both without residues, and only one with the addition of inorganic nutrient sources; four different textures formed from the same soil; and evaluation after five incubation times (0, 25, 75, 125, and 175 days). A completely randomized design was used, with four replicates. Release of CO2-C, decomposition rate, and mineralization kinetics of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, and Cu were evaluated in the crop residues. Soil texture did not influence the amount of CO2-C released, the remaining dry matter, or nutrient mineralization of crop residues. Stylosanthes and brachiaria residues had greater release of CO2-C and reduction in dry matter than the other residues. The mineralization of N, P, and S was inversely proportional to the C/N, C/P, and C/S ratios. The decomposition of crop residues was regulated by the N and water-soluble extractive contents, and mineralization of macronutrients was governed by their respective initial contents in the residues.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ciclagem de nutrientes, Zea mays, Urochloa ruziziensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Stylosanthes guianensis