Mecanismos moleculares de formação de complexos biomacromolécula-surfactante: abordagem cinética e termodinâmica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A compreensão das interações entre biomacromoléculas e surfactantes é fundamental para o avanço de diversas áreas tecnológicas, desde a formulação de alimentos e cosméticos até o desenvolvimento de sistemas avançados de liberação de fármacos. Alinhada a esse cenário, esta tese aborda a análise integrada da termodinâmica e cinética de sistemas supramoleculares, focando nos complexos formados entre biomacromoléculas e surfactantes. Para tanto, investigaram-se os sistemas -ciclodextrina (CD)-dodecilbenzeno sulfonato de sódio (SDBS) e caseína micelar (CM)-surfactantes Brij, empregando a ressonância plasmônica de superfície (RPS). No sistema CD-SDBS, as análises revelaram constantes cinéticas de associação (ka) de 102 M-1 s-1, de dissociação (kd) de 10-1 s-1 e de equilíbrio (Kb) de 103 L mol-1. A dependência térmica dessas constantes indicou um mecanismo envolvendo reorganizações conformacionais da cadeia alquílica do SDBS na cavidade da CD durante a dissociação. Adicionalmente, o líquido iônico cloreto de 1- butil-3-metilimidazólio reduziu a estabilidade do complexo, mas favoreceu a inserção da cadeia hidrofóbica na cavidade. No sistema CM-Brij, a RPS descreveu de forma integrada os mecanismos de interação. Para o complexo CM-Brij 58, obtiveram-se ka de 104 M-1 s-1, kd de 10-2 s-1 e Kb da ordem de 104 L mol-1. Os resultados evidenciaram um mecanismo em duas etapas: ancoragem inicial por ligações de hidrogênio entre o segmento PEG do surfactante e as -caseínas superficiais, seguida pela inserção da cauda hidrofóbica em canais do nanoagregado proteico. A comparação entre os surfactantes Brij 56, 58 e 78 demonstrou que pequenas modificações estruturais alteram significativamente as barreiras energéticas para formação dos complexos. Em conjunto, os resultados elucidam como interações hidrofóbicas, ligações de hidrogênio e efeitos de solvatação governam o reconhecimento molecular nesses sistemas, fornecendo bases para o planejamento de sistemas coloidais, encapsulamento e materiais funcionais auto-organizados. Palavras-chave: química supramolecular; ciclodextrina; caseína micelar; álcool graxo etoxilado; dodecil benzeno sulfonato de sódio; termodinâmica; cinética; ressonância plasmônica de superfície
The understanding of interactions between biomacromolecules and surfactants is fundamental to the advancement of several technological fields, ranging from food and cosmetic formulations to the development of advanced drug delivery systems. Aligned with this scenario, this thesis addresses the integrated thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of supramolecular systems, focusing on the complexes formed between biomacromolecules and surfactants. To this end, the -cyclodextrin CD)- sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and micellar casein (MC)-Brij surfactant systems were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the CD-SDBS system, analyses revealed kinetic association constants (ka) of 102 M-1 s-1, dissociation constants (kd) of 10-1 s-1, and equilibrium constants (Kb) of 103 L mol-1. The thermal dependence of these constants indicated a mechanism involving conformational reorganizations of the SDBS alkyl chain within the CD cavity during dissociation. Additionally, the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride reduced the stability of the complex but favored a greater insertion of the hydrophobic chain into the cavity. In the MC-Brij system, SPR provided an integrated description of the interaction mechanisms. For the MC-Brij 58 complex, the values obtained were ka of 104 M-1 s-1, kd of 10-2 s-1, and Kb on the order of 104 L mol-1. The results evidenced a two-step mechanism: an initial anchoring mediated by hydrogen bonds between the surfactant's PEG segment and superficial -casein residues, followed by the insertion of the hydrophobic tail into the channels of the protein nanoaggregate. A comparison among Brij 56, 58, and 78 demonstrated that minor structural modifications significantly alter the energy barriers for complex formation. Taken together, these results elucidate how hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and solvation effects govern molecular recognition in these systems, providing a foundation for the design of colloidal systems, encapsulation strategies, and self- assembled functional materials. Keywords: supramolecular chemistry; cyclodextrin; micellar casein; ethoxylated fatty alcohol; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; thermodynamics; kinetics; surface plasmon resonance.
The understanding of interactions between biomacromolecules and surfactants is fundamental to the advancement of several technological fields, ranging from food and cosmetic formulations to the development of advanced drug delivery systems. Aligned with this scenario, this thesis addresses the integrated thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of supramolecular systems, focusing on the complexes formed between biomacromolecules and surfactants. To this end, the -cyclodextrin CD)- sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and micellar casein (MC)-Brij surfactant systems were investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the CD-SDBS system, analyses revealed kinetic association constants (ka) of 102 M-1 s-1, dissociation constants (kd) of 10-1 s-1, and equilibrium constants (Kb) of 103 L mol-1. The thermal dependence of these constants indicated a mechanism involving conformational reorganizations of the SDBS alkyl chain within the CD cavity during dissociation. Additionally, the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride reduced the stability of the complex but favored a greater insertion of the hydrophobic chain into the cavity. In the MC-Brij system, SPR provided an integrated description of the interaction mechanisms. For the MC-Brij 58 complex, the values obtained were ka of 104 M-1 s-1, kd of 10-2 s-1, and Kb on the order of 104 L mol-1. The results evidenced a two-step mechanism: an initial anchoring mediated by hydrogen bonds between the surfactant's PEG segment and superficial -casein residues, followed by the insertion of the hydrophobic tail into the channels of the protein nanoaggregate. A comparison among Brij 56, 58, and 78 demonstrated that minor structural modifications significantly alter the energy barriers for complex formation. Taken together, these results elucidate how hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and solvation effects govern molecular recognition in these systems, providing a foundation for the design of colloidal systems, encapsulation strategies, and self- assembled functional materials. Keywords: supramolecular chemistry; cyclodextrin; micellar casein; ethoxylated fatty alcohol; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; thermodynamics; kinetics; surface plasmon resonance.
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MARQUES, Isabela Araujo. Mecanismos moleculares de formação de complexos biomacromolécula-surfactante: abordagem cinética e termodinâmica. 2025. 97 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
