Incorporação do resíduo de bauxita em material cerâmico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Conhecido como “lama vermelha”, o resíduo de bauxita é resultante do processo de produção do alumínio. No Brasil, somente no ano de 2022, foram extraídas cerca de 810 mil toneladas de alumínio, gerando entre 7 a 10 milhões de toneladas de lama vermelha. É importante destacar ainda, que grande parte desse material é descartado ou armazenado próximo às bacias e redes fluviais, podendo ser carreados, provocando a contaminação do meio a que foi inserido, consequentemente danos ao meio ambiente. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi não apenas melhorar o desempenho de misturas para blocos cerâmicos, mas também promover o reaproveitamento do resíduo de bauxita, especialmente no contexto brasileiro, onde este se encontra em abundância. Logo, buscou-se uma mistura ótima através do modelo de misturas Simplex, avaliando as proporções ideais do resíduo de bauxita e de duas argilas que passaram pela caracterização química, física, morfológica e mineralógica ao longo do trabalho. Teores elevados de resíduo comprometeram a resistência mecânica e aumentaram a absorção de água. A otimização pelo método simplex indicou que a incorporação de até 13% do resíduo, combinada com argilas em proporções adequadas, resultou em misturas com desempenho satisfatório. Além disso, a queima a 1000°C melhorou as propriedades do material. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade do reaproveitamento da lama vermelha em baixos teores, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da indústria cerâmica e de mineração. Palavras-chave: Lama vermelha; Massa cerâmica; Sustentabilidade; Gestão de resíduos.
Known as “red mud,” bauxite residue results from the aluminum production process. In Brazil, in 2022 alone, approximately 810 thousand tons of aluminum were extracted, generating between 7 and 10 million tons of red mud. It is important to emphasize that a large portion of this material is discarded or stored near basins and river networks, where it may be carried away, causing contamination of the environment into which it is introduced, and consequently environmental damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was not only to improve the performance of mixtures for ceramic blocks but also to promote the reuse of bauxite residue, especially in the Brazilian context, where it is found in abundance. Thus, an optimal mixture was sought through the Simplex mixture model, evaluating the ideal proportions of bauxite residue and two clays that underwent chemical, physical, morphological, and mineralogical characterization throughout the study. High contents of residue compromised mechanical strength and increased water absorption. Optimization using the Simplex method indicated that the incorporation of up to 13% of the residue, combined with clays in appropriate proportions, resulted in mixtures with satisfactory performance. Furthermore, firing at 1000°C improved the material properties. The results demonstrate the feasibility of reusing red mud in low contents, contributing to the sustainability of the ceramic and mining industries. Keywords: Red mud; Ceramic material; Sustainability; Waste management
Known as “red mud,” bauxite residue results from the aluminum production process. In Brazil, in 2022 alone, approximately 810 thousand tons of aluminum were extracted, generating between 7 and 10 million tons of red mud. It is important to emphasize that a large portion of this material is discarded or stored near basins and river networks, where it may be carried away, causing contamination of the environment into which it is introduced, and consequently environmental damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was not only to improve the performance of mixtures for ceramic blocks but also to promote the reuse of bauxite residue, especially in the Brazilian context, where it is found in abundance. Thus, an optimal mixture was sought through the Simplex mixture model, evaluating the ideal proportions of bauxite residue and two clays that underwent chemical, physical, morphological, and mineralogical characterization throughout the study. High contents of residue compromised mechanical strength and increased water absorption. Optimization using the Simplex method indicated that the incorporation of up to 13% of the residue, combined with clays in appropriate proportions, resulted in mixtures with satisfactory performance. Furthermore, firing at 1000°C improved the material properties. The results demonstrate the feasibility of reusing red mud in low contents, contributing to the sustainability of the ceramic and mining industries. Keywords: Red mud; Ceramic material; Sustainability; Waste management
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MENDES, Marcus Vinicius de Freitas. Incorporação do resíduo de bauxita em material cerâmico. 2025. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
