Modelagem e simulação numérica de um destilador solar passivo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A escassez de água se tornou um problema de escala mundial em virtude da má gestão dos recursos hídricos de uma população cada vez maior e mais industrializada. As chuvas não estão sendo capazes de suprir a necessidade de água em diversos países, principalmente as regiões áridas e semiáridas. Diante desta realidade, viu-se a necessidade de estudar e avaliar outras fontes alternativas de água potável capazes de abastecer as cidades com menor índice pluviométrico e que consequentemente sofrem com a falta desse recurso natural essencial para a vida humana. Uma análise dos principais métodos de dessalinização é necessária e a tecnologia proposta ocorre através de um Destilador Solar, pois é o equipamento que mais se adequa economicamente a regiões áridas, com elevada quantidade de água salobra e elevada radiação solar. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é realizar uma análise paramétrica de um Destilador Solar Passivo, através de sua modelagem e simulação no software EES © , que reforçou as condições propostas na revisão bibliográfica. As dimensões e o material do tanque e da cobertura serão os parâmetros analisados, além da estação do ano. O Destilador Solar que apresentou maior produção de água potável é aquele onde a bacia é construída de alvenaria e altura de 0,01 m. A cobertura deve possuir única inclinação de vidro e espessura de 4 mm.
Water scarcity has become a global problem because of the poor management of the water resources of a growing and more industrialized population. The rains are not being able to supply the water demand in several countries, mainly arid and semiarid regions. Faced with this reality, there was a need to study and evaluate other alternative sources of drinking water capable of supplying cities with lower rainfall levels and consequently suffer from the lack of this natural resource essential for human life. An analysis of the main methods of desalination is necessary and the proposed technology occurs through a Solar Still, since it is the equipment that best suits economically arid regions, with high amount of brackish water and high solar radiation. The main objective of this work is to perform a parametric analysis of a Passive Solar Still, through its modeling and simulation in the EES © software, which reinforced the conditions proposed in the bibliographic review. The dimensions and material of the basin and the cover will be the analyzed parameters, besides the season of the year. The Solar Still that presented the highest production of drinking water is the one where the basin is built of masonry and height of 0.01 m. The cover must have a single glass slope and a thickness of 4 mm.
Water scarcity has become a global problem because of the poor management of the water resources of a growing and more industrialized population. The rains are not being able to supply the water demand in several countries, mainly arid and semiarid regions. Faced with this reality, there was a need to study and evaluate other alternative sources of drinking water capable of supplying cities with lower rainfall levels and consequently suffer from the lack of this natural resource essential for human life. An analysis of the main methods of desalination is necessary and the proposed technology occurs through a Solar Still, since it is the equipment that best suits economically arid regions, with high amount of brackish water and high solar radiation. The main objective of this work is to perform a parametric analysis of a Passive Solar Still, through its modeling and simulation in the EES © software, which reinforced the conditions proposed in the bibliographic review. The dimensions and material of the basin and the cover will be the analyzed parameters, besides the season of the year. The Solar Still that presented the highest production of drinking water is the one where the basin is built of masonry and height of 0.01 m. The cover must have a single glass slope and a thickness of 4 mm.
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MOURA, Ana Flávia Fagundes. Modelagem e simulação numérica de um destilador solar passivo. 2019. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
