As narrativas que compõem e projetam a cidade: o cotidiano, o turístico e o virtual e os reflexos do/no processo de planejamento e gestão urbanos de Tiradentes (MG)
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2024-03-05
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender o processo de uso e ocupação da cidade de Tiradentes a partir das narrativas projetadas pelo morador e pelo turista, verificando também a maneira pela qual estas narrativas refletem a atuação do gestor e planejador urbano no tocante a definição e implementação de políticas urbanas assim como na própria construção da paisagem. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Dessa maneira, os procedimentos metodológicos foram delineados levando em consideração o método de abordagem hipotético dedutivo, onde busca-se realizar uma análise acerca da hipótese apresentada, investigando se a mesma pode ser refutada ou validada. Os dados coletados, e que ajudam a responder à questão de pesquisa assim como testar a hipótese delineada, se caracterizam por dados secundários e primários. Em se tratando dos dados primários, os mesmos foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, visitas a campo e acesso a dados abertos de mídias sociais (TripAdvisor, Youtube e Instagram). Dado o volume de dados disponível nestas mídias e a sua característica não estruturada recorreu-se a uma técnica conhecida como Web Scraping (WS), referente a uma técnica de extração utilizada para coletar dados de sites e tarefas que envolvem mineração na web, por meio de software específico denominado Python. Já as entrevistas foram realizadas junto a associações de moradores e representantes do poder público municipal e federal. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para uma disparidade no que tange à produção e consumo dos espaços em Tiradentes. A narrativa projetada pelos moradores revela um espaço desigual, onde as transformações efetivadas pelo advento das atividades turísticas impactaram o cotidiano daqueles que permaneceram na cidade. Notou-se também um certo “isolamento” cultural, social e de entretenimento por parte dos moradores, assim como um distanciamento do centro histórico ao longo dos anos. Uma narrativa que se difere daquela projetada pelos turistas e empreendedores turísticos nas mídias sociais, onde a cidade é narrada e apresentada sob o viés do lazer, entretenimento e consumo. De fato, foi possível notar duas formas distintas de apropriação e consumo da/na cidade, seja por aqueles que residem na mesma, e constroem sob ela o seu cotidiano, ou por aqueles que transitam de forma temporária pelo espaço. Ainda assim, o turismo se mostra uma importante atividade econômica na cidade, sendo responsável por um percentual representativo de empregabilidade, seja no setor formal ou informal. No entanto, é fato que as transformações efetivadas na cidade, por vezes, não consideram as demandas do morador local, apartando-o de determinados espaços e fragmentando a cidade. De forma temporal, a pesquisa pôde revelar um cenário de gestão e planejamento do espaço urbano de Tiradentes que por vezes se voltou aos aspectos do turismo em detrimento do atendimento das necessidades dos seus moradores, se reverberando em questões envolvendo o afastamento do morador do centro histórico, uma certa tensão entre o turismo e pessoas de “fora” juntamente com as práticas cotidianas dos moradores, uma sobrevalorização dos imóveis no centro histórico, tornando-o ainda mais seletivo e altamente especulativo, uma rápida expansão da malha urbana sob a égide dos condomínios fechados e bairros periféricos e a precariedade e ausência de espaços no que tange o lazer e a cultura. Palavras-chave: Cidades turísticas; Políticas Públicas Urbanas; Narrativas Urbanas;
This paper aimed to understand the process of land use and occupation of Tiradentes by examining the narratives projected by residents and tourists. It also aims to observe these narratives’ influence on the definition and implementation of urban policies by urban planners and managers, and on the production of the landscape itself. To this end, quantitative-qualitative exploratory and descriptive research was carried out. Methodological procedures were chosen with the Hypothetico-deductive model in mind. This method seeks to falsify a hypothesis, that is, investigate whether it can be refuted or validated. The data in this study, which help to answer the research question and test the hypothesis, is divided into secondary and primary data. Primary data was collected through interviews, fieldwork and acessing social media platforms’ open data (TripAdvisor, YouTube and Instagram). Considering the volume of data available on these media and their unstructured nature, we chose to employ a technique known as Web Scraping (WS), which involves collecting data from websites and web mining, using the Python programming language. The interviews were conducted with residents' associations and representatives of the municipal and federal government. The results point to a disparity in the production and usage of spaces in Tiradentes. The narrative communicated by the residents reveals an unequal space, where the transformations brought about by the advent of tourist activities have had an impact on the daily lives of those who have remained in the town. It has also been noted that residents have somewhat “isolated” themselves culturally, socially, and in terms of entertainment, as well as distanced themselved from the historic quarter over the years. This narrative differs from that projected by tourists and tourism entrepreneurs on social media, whereupon the city is described and presented from the perspective of leisure, entertainment and consumption. In fact, it was possible to notice two distinct forms of appropriation and consumption of/in the city, either by those who live there and build their everyday lives around it, or by those who temporarily pass through the space. Tourism is an important economic activity in the city, accounting for a significant percentage of employment, whether in the formal or informal sector. However, it is a fact that the transformations carried out in the city sometimes fail to take into account the demands of local residents, cutting them off from certain spaces and fragmenting the city. Over time, this paper’s research process was able to reveal a scenario of management and planning of Tiradentes' urban space that has sometimes focused on aspects of tourism at the expense of the needs of its residents, which reverberates in issues involving the distancing of residents from the historic quarter, a tension between tourism and "outsiders" against the everyday living of residents, an overvaluation of real estate in the historic quarter which turns the latter even more discriminatory and highly speculative, a rapid expansion of the urban sprawl under the aegis of gated communities and peripheral neighborhoods, and the inadequation and absence of spaces for leisure and culture. Keywords: Tourist cities; Urban Public Policies; Urban narratives;
This paper aimed to understand the process of land use and occupation of Tiradentes by examining the narratives projected by residents and tourists. It also aims to observe these narratives’ influence on the definition and implementation of urban policies by urban planners and managers, and on the production of the landscape itself. To this end, quantitative-qualitative exploratory and descriptive research was carried out. Methodological procedures were chosen with the Hypothetico-deductive model in mind. This method seeks to falsify a hypothesis, that is, investigate whether it can be refuted or validated. The data in this study, which help to answer the research question and test the hypothesis, is divided into secondary and primary data. Primary data was collected through interviews, fieldwork and acessing social media platforms’ open data (TripAdvisor, YouTube and Instagram). Considering the volume of data available on these media and their unstructured nature, we chose to employ a technique known as Web Scraping (WS), which involves collecting data from websites and web mining, using the Python programming language. The interviews were conducted with residents' associations and representatives of the municipal and federal government. The results point to a disparity in the production and usage of spaces in Tiradentes. The narrative communicated by the residents reveals an unequal space, where the transformations brought about by the advent of tourist activities have had an impact on the daily lives of those who have remained in the town. It has also been noted that residents have somewhat “isolated” themselves culturally, socially, and in terms of entertainment, as well as distanced themselved from the historic quarter over the years. This narrative differs from that projected by tourists and tourism entrepreneurs on social media, whereupon the city is described and presented from the perspective of leisure, entertainment and consumption. In fact, it was possible to notice two distinct forms of appropriation and consumption of/in the city, either by those who live there and build their everyday lives around it, or by those who temporarily pass through the space. Tourism is an important economic activity in the city, accounting for a significant percentage of employment, whether in the formal or informal sector. However, it is a fact that the transformations carried out in the city sometimes fail to take into account the demands of local residents, cutting them off from certain spaces and fragmenting the city. Over time, this paper’s research process was able to reveal a scenario of management and planning of Tiradentes' urban space that has sometimes focused on aspects of tourism at the expense of the needs of its residents, which reverberates in issues involving the distancing of residents from the historic quarter, a tension between tourism and "outsiders" against the everyday living of residents, an overvaluation of real estate in the historic quarter which turns the latter even more discriminatory and highly speculative, a rapid expansion of the urban sprawl under the aegis of gated communities and peripheral neighborhoods, and the inadequation and absence of spaces for leisure and culture. Keywords: Tourist cities; Urban Public Policies; Urban narratives;
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Planejamento urbano - Tiradentes (MG) - Aspectos sociais, Turismo e planejamento urbano - Tiradentes (MG)
Citação
PAULA, Karine de Almeida. As narrativas que compõem e projetam a cidade: o cotidiano, o turístico e o virtual e os reflexos do/no processo de planejamento e gestão urbanos de Tiradentes (MG). 2024. 248 f. Tese (Doutorado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
