Transporte de boro no solo e sua absorção por eucalipto
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Data
2009-06
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Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O mecanismo e a magnitude do transporte de B até as raízes das plantas dependem da umidade e do teor do nutriente no solo. As contribuições do fluxo de massa e da difusão para o transporte de B até as raízes de eucalipto foram avaliadas em resposta ao potencial de água do solo e às doses do nutriente. No ensaio, foram utilizados dois potenciais de água do solo (-10 e -40 kPa) e seis doses de B (0, 0,5, 1, 2, 3 e 5 mg dm^-3 de B). As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos com capacidade de 2,5 dm^3 em casa de vegetação. O controle do potencial da água do solo foi efetuado pelo uso de um tensiômetro por vaso, e o ajuste por acréscimo de água destilada. A máxima produção de matéria seca de raízes foi obtida nas doses correspondentes a 0,98 e 2,38 mg dm^-3 de B nos potenciais de água de -10 e -40 kPa, respectivamente. A máxima produção de matéria seca de parte aérea foi obtida nas doses correspondentes a 0,96 e 1,82 mg dm^-3 de B nos potenciais de água de -10 e -40 kPa, respectivamente. Foram observadas relações positivas e altamente significativas (p < 0,01) entre as doses de B aplicadas, o B extraível do solo, o B na solução do solo e o conteúdo de B na planta, para ambos os potenciais de água. O fluxo de massa foi o mecanismo predominante no transporte de B, chegando a suprir 100 % das necessidades das plantas nas doses mais elevadas do nutriente. O fluxo difusivo foi o mecanismo complementar de maior importância relativa no solo com baixo teor de B e com déficit hídrico.
The mechanism and magnitude of B transport to plant roots depend on both water and B soil contents. The contribution of mass flow and diffusion to the B transport in soil to eucalypt roots was evaluated in response to the water potential and B rates. Two water potentials (-10 and -40 kPa) and six B levels (0; 0.5; 1; 2; 3 and 5 mg dm^-3 of B) were evaluated. The plants were grown in 2.5 dm^3 plastic pots with soil, in a greenhouse. The water potential was controlled by a tensiometer in each pot and soil moisture adjusted with distilled water. The maximum root dry weight was produced at rates of 0.98 and 2.38 mg dm^-3 of B, at potentials of -10 and -40 kPa, respectively, and the maximum shoot dry weight at rates of 0.96 and 1.82 mg dm^-3 of B, at potentials of -10 and -40 kPa, respectively. Positive and highly significant relationships were observed between B rates, soil extractable B, B in soil solution and B plant content at both water potentials. Mass flow was the predominant mechanism for B transport in soil, supplying 100 % of the plant demand in the soils treated with the highest B rates. Diffusion was a complementary mechanism, but its relative increased substantially under conditions of low soil B and greater water deficit.
The mechanism and magnitude of B transport to plant roots depend on both water and B soil contents. The contribution of mass flow and diffusion to the B transport in soil to eucalypt roots was evaluated in response to the water potential and B rates. Two water potentials (-10 and -40 kPa) and six B levels (0; 0.5; 1; 2; 3 and 5 mg dm^-3 of B) were evaluated. The plants were grown in 2.5 dm^3 plastic pots with soil, in a greenhouse. The water potential was controlled by a tensiometer in each pot and soil moisture adjusted with distilled water. The maximum root dry weight was produced at rates of 0.98 and 2.38 mg dm^-3 of B, at potentials of -10 and -40 kPa, respectively, and the maximum shoot dry weight at rates of 0.96 and 1.82 mg dm^-3 of B, at potentials of -10 and -40 kPa, respectively. Positive and highly significant relationships were observed between B rates, soil extractable B, B in soil solution and B plant content at both water potentials. Mass flow was the predominant mechanism for B transport in soil, supplying 100 % of the plant demand in the soils treated with the highest B rates. Diffusion was a complementary mechanism, but its relative increased substantially under conditions of low soil B and greater water deficit.
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Palavras-chave
Fluxo de massa, Solução do solo, Déficit hídrico, Deficiência e toxidez de boro