Período de suscetibilidade do milho ao enfezamento transmitido por Dalbulus maidis e seu controle por tratamento de semente
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Data
2018-08-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A transmissão de fitopatógenos pela cigarrinha-do-milho, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), é um dos importantes fatores que pode reduzir a produtividade da cultura do milho, principalmente na segunda safra. Neste trabalho, determinou-se o período de maior suscetibilidade da cultura ao ataque da cigarrinha e a eficácia de tratamento de semente com inseticida para minimizar perda de produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Itumbiara - GO, na safra agrícola de 2016/2017. Plantou-se um experimento usando o híbrido de milho Bt 30F53VYH em delineamento de blocos incompletos casualizados, com 27 tratamentos e 5 repetições (i.e., 3 tratamentos de semente x 6 estádios fenológicos com e sem infestação de cigarrinha). As sementes foram tratadas com os inseticidas clotianidina ou imidaclopride e as plantas infestadas com cigarrinhas infectadas com Mollicutes do enfezamento do milho. Avaliou-se o número de plantas mortas nas parcelas experimentais e a severidade de enfezamento por notas de 1 a 9, bem como a produtividade de grãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias separadas pelo teste Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram que no estádio VE-V4, a severidade de enfezamento foi menor nas parcelas com tratamento de semente com imidaclopride, seguido de clotianidina e do controle, diferentemente do número de plantas por hectare, em que os tratamentos de semente não diferiram entre si. Em infestações tardias, de V8 em diante, verificou-se menor dano, maior número de plantas por hectare e menor perda na produtividade de grãos em relação a infestações em estádios iniciais. Conclui-se que a maior suscetibilidade do milho ao ataque de D. maidis ocorre nos estádios fenológicos VE-V4 e que o tratamento de sementes com inseticidas neonicotinoides auxilia a reduzir os danos nestes estádios inicias da cultura.
Transmission of plant pathogens by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is one of the important factors that can reduce corn yield, especially in the second crop season in Brazil. In this study, we determined the corn stages of critical susceptibility to the leafhopper attack and the efficacy of seed treatment with insecticides to minimize the yield loss. The experiment was conducted in Itumbiara, Goiás state, in the 2016/2017 cropping season. Using the Bt corn hybrid 30F53VYH, the experiment was planted using an incomplete blocks design with 27 treatments and 5 replications (i.e., 3 seed treatments x 6 phenological stages, with and without leafhopper infestation). The seeds were treated with the insecticides clothianidin or imidacloprid plus control, and the plants infested plants with leafhoppers infected with corn stunt pathogens. Data on plant population in the experimental plots, stunt severity, and grain yield were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance followed by mean separation using Tukey’s honestly significant difference procedure. The results showed that in VE-V4 corn stages, the stunt severity was lower in plots with seed treatment with imidacloprid, followed by clothianidin, and control plots. In contrast, the number of plants per hectare was not different among the seed treatments. In late leafhopper infestations, in stage V8 onwards, there were lower stunt damage, greater number of plants per hectare and lower loss in grain yield than in infestations in early corn stages. These results indicate that corn plants are more susceptible to D. maidis attack in VE-V4 phenological stages and that seed treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides helps reduce the plant damage in these initial corn stages.
Transmission of plant pathogens by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is one of the important factors that can reduce corn yield, especially in the second crop season in Brazil. In this study, we determined the corn stages of critical susceptibility to the leafhopper attack and the efficacy of seed treatment with insecticides to minimize the yield loss. The experiment was conducted in Itumbiara, Goiás state, in the 2016/2017 cropping season. Using the Bt corn hybrid 30F53VYH, the experiment was planted using an incomplete blocks design with 27 treatments and 5 replications (i.e., 3 seed treatments x 6 phenological stages, with and without leafhopper infestation). The seeds were treated with the insecticides clothianidin or imidacloprid plus control, and the plants infested plants with leafhoppers infected with corn stunt pathogens. Data on plant population in the experimental plots, stunt severity, and grain yield were recorded and subjected to analysis of variance followed by mean separation using Tukey’s honestly significant difference procedure. The results showed that in VE-V4 corn stages, the stunt severity was lower in plots with seed treatment with imidacloprid, followed by clothianidin, and control plots. In contrast, the number of plants per hectare was not different among the seed treatments. In late leafhopper infestations, in stage V8 onwards, there were lower stunt damage, greater number of plants per hectare and lower loss in grain yield than in infestations in early corn stages. These results indicate that corn plants are more susceptible to D. maidis attack in VE-V4 phenological stages and that seed treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides helps reduce the plant damage in these initial corn stages.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zea mays - Doenças e pragas, Cigarrinha-do-milho, Spiroplasma, Phytoplasma, Milho - Rendimento
Citação
NEVES,Taline Nunes Campos das. Período de suscetibilidade do milho ao enfezamento transmitido por Dalbulus maidis e seu controle por tratamento de semente. 2018. 21 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Defesa Sanitária Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.