Modelo computacional para adequação hídrico-energética fotovoltaica conectada à rede elétrica de sistemas de irrigação
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A economia de energia elétrica na irrigação é uma necessidade cada vez mais relevante para o produtor rural devido aos constantes aumentos na tarifa de energia e sua importância na operacionalização da agricultura irrigada. Uma forma de reduzir os custos desse insumo, mantendo a alta qualidade de fornecimento, é com o uso de energia alternativa, como a solar fotovoltaica (FV), além da adoção do manejo racional da irrigação. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo computacional para auxiliar o dimensionamento de sistemas fotovoltaicos (FV) ligados à rede elétrica que atendam a sistemas pressurizados de irrigação operados agronomicamente de forma racional. Para isso, foi realizado inicialmente um estudo da tecnologia FV aplicada aos sistemas de irrigação e, posteriormente, um modelo computacional foi implementado. Ele se fundamenta no manejo racional da irrigação realizado com o balanço hídrico a fim de estimar a quantidade de água necessária às culturas e, com base nela, estimar o consumo de energia requerido pelo sistema de irrigação. Além disso, com base na energia demandada e nas características meteorológicas locais, o modelo determina o sistema fotovoltaico ideal para o sistema de irrigação em questão, especificando a quantidade de painéis FV e a potência do inversor de corrente contínua/corrente alternada. O software desenvolvido, que se destaca por realizar os cálculos hidroenergéticos necessários à operação com múltiplas culturas em sistema de rotação, atende à legislação brasileira de sistemas FV conectados à rede elétrica, lei federal 14.300/2022, permitindo, assim, otimizar tanto a quantidade de água aplicada quanto a respectiva potência do sistema FV. Comparações com os softwares FAO-EToCalculator, FAO- CROPWAT e PVSyst® usando índices estatísticos como o coeficiente de determinação, a raiz do erro quadrático médio normalizado, o índice de concordância e o erro relativo atestaram a confiabilidade do modelo desenvolvido. Palavras-chave: energia solar; manejo da irrigação; modelagem
Electric energy savings in irrigation have become an increasingly relevant necessity for rural producers due to the constant increases in electricity tariffs and the importance of energy in the operation of irrigated agriculture. One way to reduce electricity costs while maintaining a high quality of supply is through the use of alternative energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) energy, in addition to the adoption of rational irrigation management practices. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to assistant the sizing of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems designed to attend pressurized irrigation systems operated under agronomically rational management. To this end, an initial study of PV technology applied to irrigation systems was conducted, followed by the implementation of the computational model. The software is based on rational irrigation management obtained through the soil water balance. The water balance is used to estimate the amount of water required by crops, and from this information the energy consumption required by the irrigation system is estimated. Based on the energy demand and local meteorological characteristics, the computational model determines the ideal photovoltaic system for the irrigation system in question, specifying the number of PV panels and the nominal power of the direct current/alternating current inverter. The developed software, which stands out for performing the water and energy calculations required to serve multiple crops in a rotation system, complies with Brazilian legislation on grid-connected photovoltaic systems—Federal Law No. 14,300/2022—and enables the optimization of both the amount of water applied and the corresponding photovoltaic system power. Comparisons of the computational model carried out with the FAO-EToCalculator, FAO-CROPWAT, and PVSyst® software, using statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination, the normalized root mean square error, the index of agreement, and the relative error, attested to its reliability. Keywords: solar energy; irrigation management; modeling
Electric energy savings in irrigation have become an increasingly relevant necessity for rural producers due to the constant increases in electricity tariffs and the importance of energy in the operation of irrigated agriculture. One way to reduce electricity costs while maintaining a high quality of supply is through the use of alternative energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) energy, in addition to the adoption of rational irrigation management practices. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to assistant the sizing of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems designed to attend pressurized irrigation systems operated under agronomically rational management. To this end, an initial study of PV technology applied to irrigation systems was conducted, followed by the implementation of the computational model. The software is based on rational irrigation management obtained through the soil water balance. The water balance is used to estimate the amount of water required by crops, and from this information the energy consumption required by the irrigation system is estimated. Based on the energy demand and local meteorological characteristics, the computational model determines the ideal photovoltaic system for the irrigation system in question, specifying the number of PV panels and the nominal power of the direct current/alternating current inverter. The developed software, which stands out for performing the water and energy calculations required to serve multiple crops in a rotation system, complies with Brazilian legislation on grid-connected photovoltaic systems—Federal Law No. 14,300/2022—and enables the optimization of both the amount of water applied and the corresponding photovoltaic system power. Comparisons of the computational model carried out with the FAO-EToCalculator, FAO-CROPWAT, and PVSyst® software, using statistical indices such as the coefficient of determination, the normalized root mean square error, the index of agreement, and the relative error, attested to its reliability. Keywords: solar energy; irrigation management; modeling
Description
Keywords
Sistemas fotovoltaicos – Rede elétrica, Energia solar fotovoltaica – Irrigação, Manejo da irrigação, Modelos computacionais – Irrigação, Balanço hídrico – Modelos, Sistemas de irrigação – Dimensionamento, Eficiência energética – Agricultura irrigada, Evapotranspiração – Modelos, Agricultura irrigada – Energia, Validação de modelos – Agronomia
Citation
CASTRO, Marcelo Carazo. Modelo computacional para adequação hídrico-energética fotovoltaica conectada à rede elétrica de sistemas de irrigação. 2024. 149 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
