Síntese de compostos naturais e derivados bioativos: Hypofuran B, novos análogos do drynaran e ésteres do tirosol
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Neste trabalho, foram desenvolvidas diferentes estratégias sintéticas para a obtenção de compostos naturais e seus derivados com potencial atividade biológica. A síntese do composto natural hypofuran B, bem como de análogos estruturais, foi alcançada com boa diastereosseletividade, por meio de uma condensação aldólica cruzada entre fenilacetaldeído e derivados do furfural, sob condições otimizadas de acordo com a natureza dos substituintes no anel aromático. As reações forneceram produtos com rendimentos variando de 20% a 83% e razões diastereoisoméricas E/Z entre 89:11 e 98:2. Três compostos foram obtidos na forma de cristais únicos, permitindo a elucidação estrutural por difração de raios X. Os compostos foram testados contra os protozoários Trypanosoma cruzi e Plasmodium falciparum, os mais ativos exibiram valores de IC50 entre 5,35 e 10,35 µg mL-1. Os compostos também foram testados quanto à atividade antitumoral, em que os mais ativos apresentaram IC50 entre 7,87 e 25,26 µmol mL-1 contra células de adenocarcinoma de mama MCF-7. Adicionalmente, uma série de derivados do drynaran foi sintetizada e caracterizada, com rendimentos variando entre 45 e 93%, com a formação de misturas diastereoisoméricas com predominância da forma E (razões E:Z de até 98:2). Os resultados de predição de atividade biológica obtidos pelo PASS online indicaram que todos os compostos sintetizados apresentam alta probabilidade de atuar como antagonistas da beta-tubulina, um importante alvo molecular associado à atividade antitumoral. Por fim, foram obtidos e avaliados ésteres derivados do tirosol, os quais demonstraram atividade in vitro contra a ferrugem do café (Hemileia vastatrix). Os ésteres derivados do ácido benzoico e p- anisaldeído e que possuem o grupo hidroxila fenólica livre do tirosol foram os mais ativos, apresentando valores de IC50 variando de 15,4 a 80,1 µmol L-1. Todos os compostos sintetizados apresentaram parâmetros físico-químicos dentro das faixas ideais para compostos candidatos ao desenvolvimento de novos agentes antiparasitários, antitumorais e fungicidas. Palavras-chave: hypofuran; drynaran; furfural; doença de Chagas; malária; antitumoral; tirosol; ferrugem do café
In this work, different synthetic strategies were developed for the preparation of natural compounds and their derivatives with potential biological activity. The synthesis of the natural compound hypofuran B, as well as its structural analogues, was achieved with good diastereoselectivity through a crossed aldol condensation between phenylacetaldehyde and furfural derivatives, under optimized conditions according to the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring. The reactions afforded products in yields ranging from 20% to 83% and E/Z diastereomeric ratios between 89:11 and 98:2. Three compounds were obtained as single crystals, enabling structural elucidation by X-ray diffraction. The compounds were evaluated against the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum, and the most active ones exhibited IC50 values between 5.35 and 10.35 µg mL-1. The compounds were also tested for antitumor activity, in which the most active derivatives showed IC50 values ranging from 7.87 to 25.26 µmol mL-1 against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, a series of drynaran derivatives was synthesized and characterized, with yields ranging from 45% to 93%, forming diastereomeric mixtures with predominance of the E isomer (E/Z ratios up to 98:2). Biological activity prediction results obtained using the PASS online platform indicated that all synthesized compounds have a high probability of acting as beta-tubulin antagonists, an important molecular target associated with antitumor activity. Finally, tyrosol- derived esters were obtained and evaluated, showing in vitro activity against coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix). The esters derived from benzoic acid and p- anisaldehyde that retain the free phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosol were the most active, exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 15.4 to 80.1 µmol L-1. All synthesized compounds displayed physicochemical parameters within the ideal ranges for candidate compounds for the development of new antiparasitic, antitumor, and fungicidal agents. Keywords: hypofuran; drynaran; furfural; Chagas disease; malaria; antitumor; tyrosol; coffee leaf rust
In this work, different synthetic strategies were developed for the preparation of natural compounds and their derivatives with potential biological activity. The synthesis of the natural compound hypofuran B, as well as its structural analogues, was achieved with good diastereoselectivity through a crossed aldol condensation between phenylacetaldehyde and furfural derivatives, under optimized conditions according to the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring. The reactions afforded products in yields ranging from 20% to 83% and E/Z diastereomeric ratios between 89:11 and 98:2. Three compounds were obtained as single crystals, enabling structural elucidation by X-ray diffraction. The compounds were evaluated against the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum, and the most active ones exhibited IC50 values between 5.35 and 10.35 µg mL-1. The compounds were also tested for antitumor activity, in which the most active derivatives showed IC50 values ranging from 7.87 to 25.26 µmol mL-1 against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, a series of drynaran derivatives was synthesized and characterized, with yields ranging from 45% to 93%, forming diastereomeric mixtures with predominance of the E isomer (E/Z ratios up to 98:2). Biological activity prediction results obtained using the PASS online platform indicated that all synthesized compounds have a high probability of acting as beta-tubulin antagonists, an important molecular target associated with antitumor activity. Finally, tyrosol- derived esters were obtained and evaluated, showing in vitro activity against coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix). The esters derived from benzoic acid and p- anisaldehyde that retain the free phenolic hydroxyl group of tyrosol were the most active, exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 15.4 to 80.1 µmol L-1. All synthesized compounds displayed physicochemical parameters within the ideal ranges for candidate compounds for the development of new antiparasitic, antitumor, and fungicidal agents. Keywords: hypofuran; drynaran; furfural; Chagas disease; malaria; antitumor; tyrosol; coffee leaf rust
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FRANCO, Cristiane Aparecida. Síntese de compostos naturais e derivados bioativos: Hypofuran B, novos análogos do drynaran e ésteres do tirosol. 2025. 321 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
