Influência do treinamento aeróbico e de força resistente sobre a composição corporal, bioquímica lipídica, glicose e pressão arterial de idosas
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Data
2009-04-08
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O envelhecimento humano é um processo caracterizado por alterações físicas e fisiológicas que estão associadas, dentre outros fatores, à inatividade física, conferindo um maior risco desta população desenvolver doenças crônicas nãotransmissíveis (DCNT), dentre elas, as doenças cardiovasculares (DC). Objetivos: Verificar o impacto do programa de exercício físico aplicado no Programa de Ginástica para a Terceira Idade�, oferecido pelo Clube "De Bem com a vida", sobre as condições de saúde das idosas cadastradas, analisando o efeito do treinamento aeróbico (TA) e de força resistente (TFR) sobre: 1) os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal, bem como sobre a prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (FRC) relacionados aos mesmos; 2) o perfil lipídico, níveis de glicose sanguínea e de pressão arterial, considerados como FRC, bem como sobre a prevalência dos mesmos. Métodos: O estudo foi de caráter prospectivo, realizado com 39 idosas (68,59 ± 6,23 anos) submetidas, como rotina do Programa de Ginástica para a Terceira Idade, a três sessões semanais de exercício aeróbico (EA) e de força resistente (EFR) durante 13 semanas. Antes e após o período de treinamento foram aferidas medidas de peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas (triciptal, bicipital, subescapular e suprailíaca) e circunferências da cintura, do quadril e da panturrilha. A partir destas medidas calculou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a relação cintura-quadril (RCQ). O percentual de gordura corporal e a massa corporal magra foram determinados pelas equações de Baumgartner et al. (1998) e De Rose et al. (1984), respectivamente. Foram analisados os níveis pressóricos, perfil lipídico (triglicerídeos, colesterol total, LDL- c, VLDL-c e HDL-c), glicemia de jejum (GJ) e a frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCRep) das idosas estudadas. Resultados: Em relação à composição corporal, obteve-se um aumento da massa corporal magra (MCM) e redução do percentual de gordura corporal (%GC). Encontrou-se redução dos valores da presão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e da frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCRep). Quanto à prevalência dos FRC, observou-se uma redução da prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) sem alteração nos demais parâmetros avaliados. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento, embora não tenha alterado a prevalência dos FRC relacionados à composição corporal e aos parâmetros bioquímicos, foi efetivo na promoção de alterações como o aumento da MCM, reduções do %GC, da PAS e PAD, da prevalência de HA e da FCRep, demonstrando o relevante papel do exercício físico na melhoria da qualidade de vida das idosas, uma vez que os benefícios associados auxiliam na redução do risco de DCNT e, consequentemente, do risco de mortalidade prematura entre as mesmas.
Human ageing is a process characterized by physical and physiologic alterations that are associated, among other factors, to physical inactivity, provide a larger risk of this population to develop non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD), among them, cardiovascular diseases (CD). Aims: To verify the impact of the program of physical exercise in applied Gymnastics Program for Seniors, offered by the Club "From Well In The Life" on the health conditions of older registered, by analyzing the effect of aerobic training (AT) and force resistant (TFR) about: 1) anthropometric and body composition parameters as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CRF) related to them; 2) the lipid profile, blood glucose levels and blood pressure, FRC considered, as well as the prevalence of them. Methods: The study had a prospective character, realized with 39 female elderly people (68.59 ± 6.23 years) referred as routine for Gymnastics Program of the Third Age, the 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise and the resistant force for 13 weeks Before and after the training periods, weight, height, skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, sub-scapular and supra-iliac) and waist, hip and calf circumferences were measured. From such measures, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The body fat and lean body mass percentage was determined by equations of Baumgartner et al. (1998) and De Rose et al. (1984), respectively. The arterial blood pressure levels, lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HDL-c), fast glucose (FG) and rest heart rate (HRrest) were determined from the elderly women being studied. Results: In relation to body composition, it was obtained a lean body mass (LBM) increase and a reduction in body fat percentage (%BF). A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in cardiac frequency at rest (HRrest) was obtained. Regarding the prevalence of the CRF it was observed a reduction of the arterial hypertension (AH) prevalence without alterations in the others. Conclusion: The CT program, despite not having changed the prevalence of the CRF related to body composition and biochemical parameters, was effective to increase LBM, to reduce %BF, SBP, DBP, prevalence of AH and HRrest, suggesting the relevant task of physical exercise to improve the life quality of the elderly people, once the associated benefits help to reduce the risks of NTCD, and consequently, contribute to a premature mortality reduction among them.
Human ageing is a process characterized by physical and physiologic alterations that are associated, among other factors, to physical inactivity, provide a larger risk of this population to develop non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD), among them, cardiovascular diseases (CD). Aims: To verify the impact of the program of physical exercise in applied Gymnastics Program for Seniors, offered by the Club "From Well In The Life" on the health conditions of older registered, by analyzing the effect of aerobic training (AT) and force resistant (TFR) about: 1) anthropometric and body composition parameters as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors (CRF) related to them; 2) the lipid profile, blood glucose levels and blood pressure, FRC considered, as well as the prevalence of them. Methods: The study had a prospective character, realized with 39 female elderly people (68.59 ± 6.23 years) referred as routine for Gymnastics Program of the Third Age, the 3 weekly sessions of aerobic exercise and the resistant force for 13 weeks Before and after the training periods, weight, height, skinfold thickness (triceps, biceps, sub-scapular and supra-iliac) and waist, hip and calf circumferences were measured. From such measures, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. The body fat and lean body mass percentage was determined by equations of Baumgartner et al. (1998) and De Rose et al. (1984), respectively. The arterial blood pressure levels, lipids profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c and HDL-c), fast glucose (FG) and rest heart rate (HRrest) were determined from the elderly women being studied. Results: In relation to body composition, it was obtained a lean body mass (LBM) increase and a reduction in body fat percentage (%BF). A reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in cardiac frequency at rest (HRrest) was obtained. Regarding the prevalence of the CRF it was observed a reduction of the arterial hypertension (AH) prevalence without alterations in the others. Conclusion: The CT program, despite not having changed the prevalence of the CRF related to body composition and biochemical parameters, was effective to increase LBM, to reduce %BF, SBP, DBP, prevalence of AH and HRrest, suggesting the relevant task of physical exercise to improve the life quality of the elderly people, once the associated benefits help to reduce the risks of NTCD, and consequently, contribute to a premature mortality reduction among them.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Idosos, Fatores de risco cardiovasculares, Antropometria, Composição corporal, Exercício físico, Perfil lipídico, Pressão arterial, Glicose sanguínea, Elderly women, Cardiovascular risk factors, Anthropometry, Body composition, Physical activity, Lipid profile, Blood pressure, Blood glucose
Citação
FERREIRA, Susana América. Effects of aerobic and force resistant training on body composition, biochemical lipid, glucose and blood pressure of elderly women. 2009. 5 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Aspectos sócio-culturais do movimento humano; Aspectos biodinâmicos do movimento humano) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2009.