Rotas de conversão de matéria orgânica em Biodigestores Lagoa Coberta (BLC) no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura
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2023-04-28
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O Biodigestor modelo Lagoa Coberta (BLC) é uma tecnologia amplamente adotada no Brasil para o tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS). Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as rotas de conversão de matéria orgânica nesses reatores e as perdas de metano existentes. Portanto, o objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar as rotas de conversão de matéria orgânica por meio de balanço de massa de DQO, sob diferentes condições operacionais, em BLCSs tratando ARS. O Artigo I focou no balanço em um BLC escala plena (V = 250 mº), localizado na UEPE em Suinocultura (Viçosa/MG). O monitoramento foi realizado em dois períodos (abril a julho e agosto a dezembro de 2022). As parcelas consideradas no balanço foram: (1) DQO convertida em CH4 no biogás; (11) DQO convertida em lodo e retida no reator; DQO convertida em lodo e perdida no efluente; (v) DQO convertida em CH4 e dissolvida no efluente e (vi) DQO não convertida e perdida no efluente. De acordo com os resultados, o BLC apresentou um período de estabilidade e outro de distúrbio devido à ressuspensão de sólidos da base. Apesar disso, o BLC manteve seu pH, alcalinidade total e razão AI/AP estáveis. O balanço apontou uma maior parcela de lodo retido no reator (50,0%), associada a um elevado aporte de material particulado, elevado TRH e reduzida interação entre substrato e biomassa. A DQO convertida em CH4 no biogás e dissolvido foram de 36,2% e 0,8%, respectivamente. Portanto, o acúmulo de lodo é visto como um desafio a ser superado e que as perdas de metano no efluente foram desprezíveis. O Artigo II comparou o desempenho e a produção de CH, de biodigestores de fluxo horizontal (HF) no tratamento de ARS a partir da introdução de agitação mecânica intermitente. O aparato experimental consistiu em 2 biodigestores em escala de bancada: HF w (com agitação) e HF wi (sem agitação). O período de experimento foi dividido em Fase I (dias 0-50) e Fase II (dias 51- 100). O balanço de massa considerou as mesmas parcelas do Artigo I. De acordo com os resultados, a Fase I foi definida pela saída de biomassa próxima às pás giratórias de HFw, ao contrário de HF w/o, que manteve os sólidos por meio da sedimentação. As taxas de hidrólise e metanogênese diferiram significativamente entre os reatores durante esta etapa, com menores taxas para HF y. Na Fase II, HF, começou a apresentar um efluente similar ao HF wo (p < 0.05). Isso mostra que o sistema se habituou à agitação, possuindo áreas definidas com biomassa (entre as pás giratórias) e sem biomassa (local das pás). As produções de CH4 também se equipararam o que traz novas perspectivas para evitar o acúmulo excessivo de lodo em biodigestores horizontais. O balanço mostrou que uma maior retenção de biomassa gera uma maior conversão de CH4 no biogás, com iínfimas parcelas de metano dissolvido em ambos os reatores. Conclui-se que HFyw apresenta desempenho semelhante a HF wo, com a vantagem de abrigar compartimentos específicos para a biomassa, sem a retenção excessiva de lodo. Palavras-chave: Digestão anaeróbia. Água residuária de suinocultura. Biodigestor lagoa coberta. Balanço de massa de DQO. Agitação intermitente.
However, little is known about the organic matter conversion routes 1n these reactors and the existing methane losses. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the routes of conversion of organic matter through COD mass balance, under different operational conditions, mn CLBs treating SW. Article I focused on the balance 1n a full scale CLB (V = 250 mº), located at UEPE m Suinocultura (Viçosa/MG). Monitoring was carried out in two periods (April to July and August to December 2022). The portions considered in the balance were: (1) COD converted into CH4 in biogas; (11) COD converted into sludge and retamned 1n the reactor; COD converted into sludge and lost in the effluent; (v) COD converted to CH4 and dissolved in the effluent and (vi) COD not converted and lost in the effluent. According to the results, the CLB presented a period of stability and another period of disturbance due to the resuspension of solids in the base. Despite this, the CLB kept ts pH, total alkalinity and AI/AP ratio stable. The balance showed a larger portion of sludge retained 1n the reactor (50.0%), associated with a high input of particulate matter, high HTR and reduced interaction between substrate and biomass. The COD converted into CH4 m the biogas and dissolved were 36.2% and 0.8%, respectively. Therefore, the accumulation of sludge 1s seen as a challenge to be overcome and that methane losses in the effluent were negligible. Article II compared the performance and CH4 production of horizontal flow (HF) biodigesters 1n the treatment of SW after the introduction of intermittent mechanical agitation. The setup consisted of 2 bench scale biodigesters: HFyw (with agitation) and HF wo (without agitation). The experiment period was divided into Phase I (days 0-50) and Phase II (days 51- 100). The mass balance considered the same plots as mn Article I. According to the results, Phase I was defined by the output of biomass close to the rotating blades of HF w, as opposed to HF wo, which kept the solids through sedimentation. Hydrolysis and methanogenesis rates differed significantly between reactors during this step, with lower rates for HFy. In Phase IL, HFyw started to present an effluent similar to HF wo (p < 0.05). This shows that the system got used to agitation, having defined areas with biomass (between the rotating blades) and without biomass (place of the blades). The CH4 productions were also similar, which brings new perspectives to avoid the excessive accumulation of sludge 1n horizontal biodigesters. The balance showed that a greater retention of biomass generates a greater conversion of CH4 into biogas, with tiny amounts of dissolved methane 1n both reactors. Itis concluded that HF y performs similarly to HF wo, with the advantage of having specific compartments for biomass, without excessive sludge retention.
However, little is known about the organic matter conversion routes 1n these reactors and the existing methane losses. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the routes of conversion of organic matter through COD mass balance, under different operational conditions, mn CLBs treating SW. Article I focused on the balance 1n a full scale CLB (V = 250 mº), located at UEPE m Suinocultura (Viçosa/MG). Monitoring was carried out in two periods (April to July and August to December 2022). The portions considered in the balance were: (1) COD converted into CH4 in biogas; (11) COD converted into sludge and retamned 1n the reactor; COD converted into sludge and lost in the effluent; (v) COD converted to CH4 and dissolved in the effluent and (vi) COD not converted and lost in the effluent. According to the results, the CLB presented a period of stability and another period of disturbance due to the resuspension of solids in the base. Despite this, the CLB kept ts pH, total alkalinity and AI/AP ratio stable. The balance showed a larger portion of sludge retained 1n the reactor (50.0%), associated with a high input of particulate matter, high HTR and reduced interaction between substrate and biomass. The COD converted into CH4 m the biogas and dissolved were 36.2% and 0.8%, respectively. Therefore, the accumulation of sludge 1s seen as a challenge to be overcome and that methane losses in the effluent were negligible. Article II compared the performance and CH4 production of horizontal flow (HF) biodigesters 1n the treatment of SW after the introduction of intermittent mechanical agitation. The setup consisted of 2 bench scale biodigesters: HFyw (with agitation) and HF wo (without agitation). The experiment period was divided into Phase I (days 0-50) and Phase II (days 51- 100). The mass balance considered the same plots as mn Article I. According to the results, Phase I was defined by the output of biomass close to the rotating blades of HF w, as opposed to HF wo, which kept the solids through sedimentation. Hydrolysis and methanogenesis rates differed significantly between reactors during this step, with lower rates for HFy. In Phase IL, HFyw started to present an effluent similar to HF wo (p < 0.05). This shows that the system got used to agitation, having defined areas with biomass (between the rotating blades) and without biomass (place of the blades). The CH4 productions were also similar, which brings new perspectives to avoid the excessive accumulation of sludge 1n horizontal biodigesters. The balance showed that a greater retention of biomass generates a greater conversion of CH4 into biogas, with tiny amounts of dissolved methane 1n both reactors. Itis concluded that HF y performs similarly to HF wo, with the advantage of having specific compartments for biomass, without excessive sludge retention.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Digestão anaeróbia, Biodigestores, Águas residuais - Purificação, Demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, Suínos - Criação
Citação
CRUZ, Gabrielle Oliveira Rosa da. Rotas de conversão de matéria orgânica em Biodigestores
Lagoa Coberta (BLC) no tratamento de águas residuárias de
suinocultura. 2023. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.