Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de conversão de biomassas e glicose em produtos de alto valor agregado
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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As preocupações com as mudanças climáticas globais bem como as previsões de esgotamento dos recursos fósseis trazem uma demanda urgente por novas tecnologias para produção de energia. Nesse contexto, as biorrefinarias, análogas às refinarias de petróleo que convertem os componentes de fontes renováveis, especialmente biomassa, em energia e produtos comercializáveis, substituindo o uso de combustíveis fósseis como matéria-prima na produção de energia e produtos químicos verdes surgem como uma alternativa. Assim, a biomassa lignocelulósica, composta principalmente por lignina, hemicelulose e celulose e oriunda, geralmente, de resíduos agrícolas e florestais, é um importante recurso e tem sido reconhecida como matéria-prima sustentável para esse fim. Neste trabalho, focamos no processo de conversão da serragem de bambu, do bagaço de cana e da glicose em produtos de alto valor agregado como a levoglucosana (LGA), o 2,3-diidrobenzofurano (DHB), e o 5-hidroximetilfural (HMF). No capítulo I foi avaliada a conversão do bagaço de cana em LGA pré-tratada com solvente eutético profundo (cloreto de colina ([Ch]Cl) e ácido lático (ac. Lat.)) assistida por IMO, seguida de pirólise rápida. Parâmetros de pré-tratamento como temperatura, tempo e razão entre os constituintes dos DES foram avaliados. Nas condições otimizadas [Ch]Cl/ac. Lat. (1:10), 10 minutos, 140 °C, IMO como fonte de aquecimento e potência de 300 W, foi obtido a conversão do bagaço de cana em LGA após pirólise rápida com 33,6% de rendimento. No capítulo II foi avaliada a conversão pirolítica da serragem de bambu pré-tratada com ácido p- sulfônico calix[4]areno (CX4SO3H) em LGA e a conversão pirolítica da serragem de pré tratada por lixiviação com água em DHB. Parâmetros como temperatura de pirólise, carga de catalisador, tempo, temperatura de pré-tratamento foram avaliados. Nas condições otimizadas: 23 °C, 90 minutos, 8% m/m CX4SO3H a LGA foi obtida com 31,2% de rendimento. Resultado 19,5 vezes superior ao obtido com a pirólise da serragem do bambu sem pré-tratamento, que foi de apenas 1,6%. Já o DHB foi obtido com 1,5% de rendimento nas condições otimizadas de pré-tratamento (40 °C, 120 minutos), aproximadamente o dobro do rendimento obtido a partir da pirólise da serragem de bambu sem pré-tratamento. No capítulo III, foi utilizado um consórcio catalítico entre o CX4SO3H e o cloreto de alumínio (AlCl3) para a conversão de glicose em HMF. Diferentes parâmetros reacionais foram avaliados, como concentração de glicose, tempo, temperatura, quantidade e tipo de catalisador. Nas condições otimizadas, utilizando DMSO como solvente, 70 mg mL-1 de glicose, 1 mol% de CX4SO3H e 10 mol% de AlCl3, a 130 °C e 10 minutos sob IMO, com potência máxima de 100 W, a glicose foi convertida em HMF com 58% de rendimento sendo quantificada por RMN de 1H. Pelos resultados obtidos as metodologias utilizadas se mostram promissoras, podendo ser utilizada em diversas biomassas. Palavras-chave: Solvente eutético profundo; Calixarenos; Organocatálise; Biomassa; Micro-ondas; Química verde.
Concerns about global climate change and the depletion of fossil resources increase an urgent demand for alternative sources of energy. Analogous to oil refineries, biorefineries convert components from renewable sources, especially biomass, into energy and industrial products, replacing the use of fossil fuels as raw materials in the production of energy and chemical products. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, composed mainly of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose and generally originating from agricultural and forestry residues, is an important resource and has been recognized as a sustainable raw material for this purpose. In this work, we focus on the process of converting bamboo sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and glucose into high-value-added products such as levoglucosan (LGA), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (DHB) and 5- hydroxymethylfural (HMF). In chapter I, the conversion of sugarcane bagasse into LGA pretreated with a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride and lactic acid assisted by microwave followed by rapid pyrolysis was evaluated. Reaction parameters such as temperature, time and ratio between DES constituents were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions [Ch]Cl/ac. Lat. (1:10), 10 minutes, 140 °C, microwave as heating source and 300 W power, the sugarcane bagasse conversion into LGA after fast pyrolysis was obtained with 33.6% yield. In chapter II, the pyrolytic conversion of bamboo sawdust pretreated by p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene (CX4SO3H) into LGA and the pyrolytic conversion of bamboo sawdust pretreated by washing into DHB was studied. Parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, catalyst load, time, pretreatment temperature were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions 23 °C, 90 minutes, 8% m/m CX4SO3H, LGA was obtained with 31,2% yield. A result 19.5 times higher than that obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass without pre-treatment, which was just 1.6%. DHB was obtained with 1.5% yield under the optimized conditions (40 °C, 120 min), nearly the double the yield obtained from pyrolysis without pre-treatment. In chapter III, a catalytic consortium between CX4SO3H and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was used to convert glucose into HMF. Different reaction parameters were evaluated, such as glucose concentration, time, temperature, quantity and type of catalyst. Under optimized conditions, using DMSO as solvent, 70 mg mL-1 of glucose, 1 mol% of CX4SO3H and 10 mol% of AlCl3, at 130 °C for 10 minutes under microwave irradiation with maximum power of 100 W, the glucose was converted to HMF in 58% yield. The HMF yield was quantified by 1H NMR. Based on the results obtained, the methodologies used appear promising and can be used in different biomasses. Keywords: Deep eutectic solvent; Calixarenes; Organocatalysis; Biomass; Microwave; Green chemistry.
Concerns about global climate change and the depletion of fossil resources increase an urgent demand for alternative sources of energy. Analogous to oil refineries, biorefineries convert components from renewable sources, especially biomass, into energy and industrial products, replacing the use of fossil fuels as raw materials in the production of energy and chemical products. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, composed mainly of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose and generally originating from agricultural and forestry residues, is an important resource and has been recognized as a sustainable raw material for this purpose. In this work, we focus on the process of converting bamboo sawdust, sugarcane bagasse and glucose into high-value-added products such as levoglucosan (LGA), 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (DHB) and 5- hydroxymethylfural (HMF). In chapter I, the conversion of sugarcane bagasse into LGA pretreated with a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride and lactic acid assisted by microwave followed by rapid pyrolysis was evaluated. Reaction parameters such as temperature, time and ratio between DES constituents were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions [Ch]Cl/ac. Lat. (1:10), 10 minutes, 140 °C, microwave as heating source and 300 W power, the sugarcane bagasse conversion into LGA after fast pyrolysis was obtained with 33.6% yield. In chapter II, the pyrolytic conversion of bamboo sawdust pretreated by p-sulfonic acid calix[4]arene (CX4SO3H) into LGA and the pyrolytic conversion of bamboo sawdust pretreated by washing into DHB was studied. Parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, catalyst load, time, pretreatment temperature were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions 23 °C, 90 minutes, 8% m/m CX4SO3H, LGA was obtained with 31,2% yield. A result 19.5 times higher than that obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass without pre-treatment, which was just 1.6%. DHB was obtained with 1.5% yield under the optimized conditions (40 °C, 120 min), nearly the double the yield obtained from pyrolysis without pre-treatment. In chapter III, a catalytic consortium between CX4SO3H and aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was used to convert glucose into HMF. Different reaction parameters were evaluated, such as glucose concentration, time, temperature, quantity and type of catalyst. Under optimized conditions, using DMSO as solvent, 70 mg mL-1 of glucose, 1 mol% of CX4SO3H and 10 mol% of AlCl3, at 130 °C for 10 minutes under microwave irradiation with maximum power of 100 W, the glucose was converted to HMF in 58% yield. The HMF yield was quantified by 1H NMR. Based on the results obtained, the methodologies used appear promising and can be used in different biomasses. Keywords: Deep eutectic solvent; Calixarenes; Organocatalysis; Biomass; Microwave; Green chemistry.
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PEREIRA, Sarah de Paiva Silva. Desenvolvimento de tecnologias de conversão de biomassas e glicose em produtos de alto valor agregado. 2024. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
