Isolados endofíticos de Bacillus spp. para o controle de Meloidogyne javanica e promoção de crescimento de plantas de soja
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A soja é uma das culturas agrícolas mais importantes do mundo, com destaque para o Brasil como maior produtor. Entretanto, essa cultura enfrenta diversos problemas fitossanitários que comprometem a produtividade e a qualidade dos grãos. Os fitonematoides do gênero Meloidogyne estão entre os principais responsáveis por perdas econômicas, sendo amplamente distribuídos nas regiões produtoras. Nesse cenário, microrganismos do gênero Bacillus tem ganhado relevância por atuarem como agentes de biocontrole e promotores de crescimento vegetal, com diversos mecanismos associados à supressão de patógenos e ao estímulo fisiológico das plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de isolados endofíticos de Bacillus spp. no controle de Meloidogyne javanica e na promoção do crescimento de plantas de soja, por meio de ensaios in vitro e in vivo. No primeiro estudo, cinco isolados foram selecionados a partir de triagem massal e avaliados quanto à degradação de quitina, redução da penetração, controle do nematoide e indução de resistência sistêmica. Ocorreram reduções expressivas na reprodução de M. javanica, com destaque para os isolados 151B20R-AC e 174B28R-AM, superando, inclusive, o produto comercial utilizado como padrão. Os isolados 151B20R-AC e 150B28R-AM foram capazes de induzir resistência sistêmica (ISR), reduzindo a reprodução do nematoide mesmo sem o contato direto. No segundo estudo, os mesmos cinco isolados foram avaliados quanto ao potencial de promoção de crescimento. Todos apresentaram capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio, produção de ácido indol-3-acético (AIA), síntese de sideróforos e formação de biofilme. Além disso, três deles promoverem a solubilização de potássio. Em casa de vegetação, todos os isolados promoveram maior crescimento das plantas e maior acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea. A análise integrada dos resultados nos leva a crer que os isolados avaliados atuam por mecanismos diretos e indiretos no manejo do nematoide e na promoção do crescimento vegetal. Os isolados 151B20R- AC e 174B28R-AM, que se destacaram no controle de M. javanica, também apresentaram capacidade de produzir AIA, sideróforos, biofilme, além de solubilizar potássio (no caso de 174B28R-AM). Já o isolado 150B28R-AM, que apresentou elevada produção de AIA, solubilização de potássio e bom desempenho nos parâmetros de crescimento vegetativo, também reduziu a reprodução do nematoide em 30,83% no ensaio de controle e foi capaz de induzir ISR. Os isolados apresentaram desempenho promissor tanto no controle do fitonematoide quanto na promoção de crescimento. Entretanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar sua eficácia em diferentes condições e para avaliar a compatibilidade de isolados com altos índices de controle do nematoide com isolados com elevada promoção de crescimento vegetal para o desenvolvimento de produtos com capacidade de controle de M. javanica e estímulo do crescimento da soja. Palavras-chave: Controle biológico; nematoides-das-galhas; PGPR; resistência sistêmica induzida; fixação biológica de nitrogênio.
Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, with Brazil standing out as the largest producer. However, this crop faces several phytosanitary problems that compromise grain productivity and quality. Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are among the main causes of economic losses and are widely distributed across producing regions. In this context, microorganisms of the genus Bacillus have gained relevance due to their role as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters, with several mechanisms associated with pathogen suppression and the physiological stimulation of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of endophytic Bacillus spp. isolates in the control of Meloidogyne javanica and in promoting soybean plant growth through in vitro and in vivo assays. In the first study, five isolates were selected through mass screening and evaluated for chitin degradation, penetration reduction, nematode control, and induction of systemic resistance. Expressive reductions in M. javanica reproduction were observed, particularly for isolates 151B20R-AC and 174B28R-AM, which even outperformed the commercial product used as the standard. Isolates 151B20R-AC and 150B28R-AM were able to induce systemic resistance (ISR), reducing nematode reproduction even without direct contact. In the second study, the same five isolates were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting potential. All isolates showed the ability for biological nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore synthesis, and biofilm formation. In addition, three of them promoted potassium solubilization. Under greenhouse conditions, all isolates promoted greater plant growth and increased shoot dry mass accumulation. The integrated analysis of the results suggests that the evaluated isolates act through both direct and indirect mechanisms in nematode management and plant growth promotion. Isolates 151B20R-AC and 174B28R-AM, which stood out in the control of M. javanica, also demonstrated the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, and biofilm, in addition to potassium solubilization (in the case of 174B28R-AM). The isolate 150B28R-AM, which showed high IAA production, potassium solubilization, and good performance in vegetative growth parameters, also reduced nematode reproduction by 30.83% in the control assay and was capable of inducing ISR. The isolates showed promising performance both in plant- parasitic nematode control and in plant growth promotion. However, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under different conditions and to evaluate the compatibility between isolates with high nematode control potential and isolates with strong plant growth-promoting capacity for the development of products capable of controlling M. javanica while stimulating soybean growth. Keywords: Biological control; root-knot nematodes; PGPR; induced systemic resistance; biological nitrogen fixation.
Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world, with Brazil standing out as the largest producer. However, this crop faces several phytosanitary problems that compromise grain productivity and quality. Plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are among the main causes of economic losses and are widely distributed across producing regions. In this context, microorganisms of the genus Bacillus have gained relevance due to their role as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters, with several mechanisms associated with pathogen suppression and the physiological stimulation of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of endophytic Bacillus spp. isolates in the control of Meloidogyne javanica and in promoting soybean plant growth through in vitro and in vivo assays. In the first study, five isolates were selected through mass screening and evaluated for chitin degradation, penetration reduction, nematode control, and induction of systemic resistance. Expressive reductions in M. javanica reproduction were observed, particularly for isolates 151B20R-AC and 174B28R-AM, which even outperformed the commercial product used as the standard. Isolates 151B20R-AC and 150B28R-AM were able to induce systemic resistance (ISR), reducing nematode reproduction even without direct contact. In the second study, the same five isolates were evaluated for their plant growth-promoting potential. All isolates showed the ability for biological nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, siderophore synthesis, and biofilm formation. In addition, three of them promoted potassium solubilization. Under greenhouse conditions, all isolates promoted greater plant growth and increased shoot dry mass accumulation. The integrated analysis of the results suggests that the evaluated isolates act through both direct and indirect mechanisms in nematode management and plant growth promotion. Isolates 151B20R-AC and 174B28R-AM, which stood out in the control of M. javanica, also demonstrated the ability to produce IAA, siderophores, and biofilm, in addition to potassium solubilization (in the case of 174B28R-AM). The isolate 150B28R-AM, which showed high IAA production, potassium solubilization, and good performance in vegetative growth parameters, also reduced nematode reproduction by 30.83% in the control assay and was capable of inducing ISR. The isolates showed promising performance both in plant- parasitic nematode control and in plant growth promotion. However, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under different conditions and to evaluate the compatibility between isolates with high nematode control potential and isolates with strong plant growth-promoting capacity for the development of products capable of controlling M. javanica while stimulating soybean growth. Keywords: Biological control; root-knot nematodes; PGPR; induced systemic resistance; biological nitrogen fixation.
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FERNANDES, Daiane Rocha. Isolados endofíticos de Bacillus spp. para o controle de Meloidogyne javanica e promoção de crescimento de plantas de soja. 2026. 78 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
