Desordem e criticalidade dinâmica em redes de contato geradas por empacotamento aleatório de discos polidispersos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Quaisquer sistemas em que se formam estruturas de contato estão sujeitos a perturbações aleatórias, quer sejam impurezas na estrutura cristalina de um material ou estruturas heterogêneas de interações em sistemas complexos. Uma classe importante destas estruturas são as redes planares aperiódicas que podem emergir em materiais ou redes de infraestrutura tais como estações de energia e de transporte. A relevância dessa desordem pode ser investigada por meio do expoente de wandering, ω. Quando a desordem do sistema é relevante para a criticalidade do modelo, segundo o critério de Harris-Luck, ω > ωc , onde ωc = 1−(1/dν⊥ ), a qual depende da dimensão do sistema, d, e do expoente do comprimento de correlação do sistema sem desordem, ν⊥ . Diante disso, buscamos estudar se estruturas geradas a partir de modelos de empacotamento de discos rı́gidos formam estruturas com desordem relevante. Para isso, foram estudados três modelos de empacotamento de discos rı́gidos com partı́culas polidispersas. A partir desses modelos, redes de contato com vı́nculos geométricos foram construı́das e caracterizadas utilizando teoria de grafos. Os resultados obtidos para a caracterização das redes relacionadas aos três modelos são semelhantes. Quando o raio mı́nimo das partı́culas tende a zero, as redes apresentam distribuição de grau com cauda pesada, estruturas hierárquicas, desassociativas e aumento da dimensão topológica. A partir do decaimento da flutuação do grau, podemos verificar se o expoente de wandering excede ωc , resultado este observado em todos os modelos, indicando desordem relevante pelo critério de Harris-Luck. Analisamos o efeito da desordem dessas redes na criticalidade do modelo suscetı́vel-infectado-suscetı́vel (SIS), nas quais não foram observadas assinaturas de mudanças na criticalidade da transição. Verificamos assim que a desordem produzida pela flutuação do grau não é capaz de alterar a criticalidade do sistema, o que, a princı́pio, viola o critério de Harris-Luck. Palavras-chave: desordem, fenômenos crı́ticos, empacotamento aleatório.
Any systems in which contact structures are formed are subject to random perturbations due to either impurities in the crystal structure of a material or heterogeneous structures from interactions in complex systems. An important class of these structures are aperiodic planar lattices that can be observed in materials or infrastructure networks such as power and transportation stations. The relevance of this perturbation can be investigated using the wandering exponent, ω. When the disorder of the system is relevant to the criticality of the model, according to the Harris-Luck criterion, ω > ωc , where ωc = 1 − (1/dν⊥ ), which depends on the dimension of the system, d, and the exponent of the correlation length of the disorder-free system, ν⊥ . So, we study whether structures generated from hard disk packaging models generate structures with relevant disorder. Three models of packaging hard disks with polydisperse particles were studied. From these models, contact networks with geometric constraints were constructed and characterized using graph theory. The results obtained for the characterization of the networks related to the three models are similar. When the minimum radius of the particles tends to zero, the networks present a degree distribution with a heavy tail, hierarchical and dissociative structures and an increasing topological dimension. From the decay of the degree fluctuation, we can verify that the wandering exponent exceeds ωc , a result observed in all models, indicating relevant disorder according to the Harris-Luck criterion. We analyzed the effect of the disorder of these networks on the criticality of the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model, in which no signs of changes in the criticality of the transition were observed. We thus verify that the disorder produced by degree fluctuation is not capable of altering the criticality of the system, that, in principle, violates the Harris-Luck criterion. Keywords: disorder, critical phenomena, random packaging.
Any systems in which contact structures are formed are subject to random perturbations due to either impurities in the crystal structure of a material or heterogeneous structures from interactions in complex systems. An important class of these structures are aperiodic planar lattices that can be observed in materials or infrastructure networks such as power and transportation stations. The relevance of this perturbation can be investigated using the wandering exponent, ω. When the disorder of the system is relevant to the criticality of the model, according to the Harris-Luck criterion, ω > ωc , where ωc = 1 − (1/dν⊥ ), which depends on the dimension of the system, d, and the exponent of the correlation length of the disorder-free system, ν⊥ . So, we study whether structures generated from hard disk packaging models generate structures with relevant disorder. Three models of packaging hard disks with polydisperse particles were studied. From these models, contact networks with geometric constraints were constructed and characterized using graph theory. The results obtained for the characterization of the networks related to the three models are similar. When the minimum radius of the particles tends to zero, the networks present a degree distribution with a heavy tail, hierarchical and dissociative structures and an increasing topological dimension. From the decay of the degree fluctuation, we can verify that the wandering exponent exceeds ωc , a result observed in all models, indicating relevant disorder according to the Harris-Luck criterion. We analyzed the effect of the disorder of these networks on the criticality of the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model, in which no signs of changes in the criticality of the transition were observed. We thus verify that the disorder produced by degree fluctuation is not capable of altering the criticality of the system, that, in principle, violates the Harris-Luck criterion. Keywords: disorder, critical phenomena, random packaging.
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SILVA, Thainá Ferreira. Desordem e criticalidade dinâmica em redes de contato geradas por empacotamento aleatório de discos polidispersos. 2024. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
