Distribuição espaço-temporal e controle natural de Chalcodermus bicolor em plantios de eucaliptos
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2016-06-27
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
No Brasil, as perdas decorrentes dos danos causados por insetos pragas nas árvores do gênero Eucalyptus vêm aumentando nas últimas décadas pela adoção de sistemas silviculturais. No grupo dos besouros desfolhadores, em especial, o podador-do-eucalipto (Chalcodermus bicolor Fiedler, 1937 Col: Curculionidae) é um besouro noturno e pequeno, cuja fêmea têm o hábito de decepar os ponteiros principais e os laterais das árvores de eucaliptos. Na extremidade remanescente, ela excava um furo, onde deposita apenas um ovo cuja larva, após eclodir, começa a broquear o interior do ponteiro, no sentido de cima para baixo. Em um programa de Manejo Integrado de Pragas é importante conhecer os fatores que interferem na dinâmica populacional das espécies de insetos pragas para selecionar métodos de controle com base em parâmetros econômicos, ecológicos e sociológicos Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo do contribuir para o estudo do C. bicolor, na eucaliptocultura brasileira. No primeiro capítulo, cujo objetivo era a construção de tabela de vida ecológica para se conhecer o estádio crítico e o fator-chave de mortalidade, obteve-se, como resultados, que a taxa de mortalidade real foi aproximadamente igual a 65%; que o estádio crítico de mortalidade é o estádio de ovo e que o fator-chave de mortalidade é constituído exclusivamente por himenópteros parasitoides. As mortalidades reais registradas devidas aos parasitoides foram de 40,51% e 33,28%, nos estados da Bahia e Minas Gerais, respectivamente. O segundo capítulo, que teve o objetivo de conhecer a flutuação populacional e os fatores ambientais que interferem na dinâmica pululacional do podador e dos parasitoides o que, resultou na constatação de que as variações nas densidades populacionais de C. bicolor e de seus parasitoides são positiva e significativamente correlacionadas com as variações na temperatura do ambiente e que os danos causados pelas fêmeas apresentam distribuição agregada em 83,33% dos casos analisados. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo teve o objetivo de descrever duas novas espécies de parasitoides dos estádios imaturos de C. bicolor, as quais foram determinadas como sendo pertencentes ao gênero Euderus Haliday, 1844 (Hym: Eulophidae: Entiinae).
In Brazil, losses resulting from damage caused by insect pests in Eucalyptus trees have been increasing in last decades due the adoption of silvicultural systems. In the group of defoliating beetles, Chalcodermus bicolor Fiedler, 1937 (Col: Curculionidae) is nocturnal and a small beetle whose female have the habit of chopping off the main and side branches of eucalyptus trees. In the remaining portion of the branch, it digs a hole where it lays just an egg whose larvae after hatch, starts boring inside, from the top to the bottom. In an Integrated Pest Management program it is important to know the factors affecting the population dynamics of insect pests to select control methods based on economic, ecological and sociological parameters. This study aimed to contribute to the study of C. bicolor in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. In the first chapter, which the purpose was the construction of ecological life table to find the critical life stage and the mortality key factor, was obtained the actual mortality rate, which was approximately 65%; the critical stage of mortality is the egg stage and the mortality key factor is composed exclusively of hymenopteran parasitoids. The actual mortalities recorded due to parasitoids were 40.51% and 33.28% in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, respectively. The second chapter, which aimed to know the population dynamics and environmental factors that influence the population dynamics of C. bicolor and its parasitoids which resulted in finding out that changes in population densities of both are positive and correlated with variations in environment temperature and that the damage caused by the females have aggregated distribution in 83.33% of the cases. Finally, in the third chapter we described two new species of parasitoids of immature stages of C. bicolor, which were of the genus Euderus Haliday, 1844 (Hym: Eulophidae: Entiinae).
In Brazil, losses resulting from damage caused by insect pests in Eucalyptus trees have been increasing in last decades due the adoption of silvicultural systems. In the group of defoliating beetles, Chalcodermus bicolor Fiedler, 1937 (Col: Curculionidae) is nocturnal and a small beetle whose female have the habit of chopping off the main and side branches of eucalyptus trees. In the remaining portion of the branch, it digs a hole where it lays just an egg whose larvae after hatch, starts boring inside, from the top to the bottom. In an Integrated Pest Management program it is important to know the factors affecting the population dynamics of insect pests to select control methods based on economic, ecological and sociological parameters. This study aimed to contribute to the study of C. bicolor in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. In the first chapter, which the purpose was the construction of ecological life table to find the critical life stage and the mortality key factor, was obtained the actual mortality rate, which was approximately 65%; the critical stage of mortality is the egg stage and the mortality key factor is composed exclusively of hymenopteran parasitoids. The actual mortalities recorded due to parasitoids were 40.51% and 33.28% in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais, respectively. The second chapter, which aimed to know the population dynamics and environmental factors that influence the population dynamics of C. bicolor and its parasitoids which resulted in finding out that changes in population densities of both are positive and correlated with variations in environment temperature and that the damage caused by the females have aggregated distribution in 83.33% of the cases. Finally, in the third chapter we described two new species of parasitoids of immature stages of C. bicolor, which were of the genus Euderus Haliday, 1844 (Hym: Eulophidae: Entiinae).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Chalcodermus bicolor - Controle, Chalcodermus bicolor - Flutuação populacional
Citação
CEDEÑO LOJA, Pedro Emilio. Distribuição espaço-temporal e controle natural de Chalcodermus bicolor em plantios de eucaliptos. 2016. 81 f. Tese (Doutorado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2016.
