Critérios de seleção de equipes e análise de resultado de competições de levantamento de peso olímpico
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Data
2011-10-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A competição de LPO é realizada por meio de dois exercícios (Arranco e Arremesso) de força e potência máxima. Combinados o Arranco e o Arremesso, tem-se o Total do peso levantado, utilizado para ranquear os levantadores na competição. Em eventos oficiais da International Weightlifting
Federation (IWF) o atleta pode ser premiado por obter o 1º, 2º ou 3º lugar no arranco, no arremesso e no Total. Para se estabelecer critérios de rendimento de atletas de LPO é necessário considerar quais são os fatores determinantes
de desempenho, que influenciam direta ou indiretamente na performance, durante uma competição visando estimar a possibilidade de êxito do atleta e auxiliar, assim, o planejamento de seu treinamento. A escolha de critérios
objetivos para a seleção no esporte e a análise dos resultados de atletas de LPO ao longo dos anos é de fundamental importância para técnicos e treinadores. Estes modelos contribuem para a elaboração de metas ao longo do treinamento de forma mais criteriosa e objetiva auxiliando a equipe técnica envolvida e beneficiando os próprios atletas. Estudo 1 - Objetivo: Criar um critério matemático para auxiliar na escolha dos atletas que irão compor equipes de competição adultas. Método: Elaboração de regressões polinomiais
de terceira ordem e análise do percentil dos resultados válidos de atletas participantes do Campeonato Mundial Adulto e Pan Americano Adulto de 2009. Resultados: Entre os homens, um resultado total equivalente ao percentil 90 garantiu aos atletas uma classificação até o 3º lugar. Entre as mulheres este
fato se repetiu, utilizando-se o percentil 80 do resultado do total. As equações de regressão polinomial apresentaram r superior a 0,90 para predizer o resultado final de cada categoria de peso corporal. Conclusão: Para a seleção de equipes de LPO, deve-se adotar diferentes critérios, de acordo com os objetivos, sendo estes definidos como: 1) Pontuar por equipe; 2) Conquistar medalhas; 3) Adquirir experiência em competições internacionais. Estudo 2 - Objetivo: Identificar o comportamento da performance e o perfil etário dos atletas de LPO, do gênero masculino, ao longo de dez anos, entre 2001 e
2010. Métodos: Foi aplicado um modelo descritivo de estudo com base na análise documental dos resultados obtidos em competições entre 2001 2010. Os resultados obtidos por categoria de peso corporal nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2004 e 2008 foram comparados aos resultados obtidos nos Campeonatos Mundiais de 2005 e 2009 através de um teste t. Foram estabelecidas equações, através de regressões polinomiais, para identificar os resultados correspondentes ao percentil 90 nos próximos Campeonatos. Resultados: A
média dos resultados obtidos pelos atletas não sofreu elevações significativas ao longo destes dez anos estudados. A média do Total dos atletas não foi estatisticamente diferente, em nenhuma das categorias, quando comparados
os resultados obtidos nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2004 e 2008. Conclusão: Apesar de não haverem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de Total entre os anos Olímpicos e Pós-Olímpicos, nota-se, graficamente, uma regressão dos mesmos nos anos após os Jogos Olímpicos. Estudo 3 - Objetivo: Identificar o comportamento da performance, o perfil etário e da relação entre total levantado e peso corporal das atletas de LPO, do gênero feminino, entre 2001 e 2010. Métodos: Foi aplicado um modelo descritivo de
estudo com base na análise documental dos resultados obtidos em competições entre 2001 2010. Os resultados obtidos por categoria de peso corporal nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2004 e 2008 foram comparados aos resultados obtidos nos Campeonatos Mundiais de 2005 e 2009 através de um teste t. Realizou-se uma subdivisão para as atletas que conquistaram
resultados equivalentes ao Percentil 90 de sua categoria. Resultados: A média dos resultados obtidos pelas atletas não sofreu elevações significativas ao longo destes dez anos estudados. A média do Total dos atletas não foi estatisticamente diferente, em nenhuma das categorias, quando comparados os resultados obtidos nos Jogos Olímpicos de 2004 e 2008. Conclusão: Aparentemente existe um aumento progressivo da performance das atletas de
LPO ao longo dos anos, porém sem significância estatística. O perfil etário de maior performance para atletas de Levantamento de Peso parece estar vinculado à faixa dos 21 aos 23 anos.
The competition of LPO is accomplished through two exercises (Snatch and Clean & Jerk) of strength and power. With the Snatch and Clean & Jerk combined, we have the Total weight lifted, used to rank the lifters in the competition. At official events of the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) the athlete may be awarded for obtaining the 1st, 2nd or 3rd place in the Snatch, the Clean & jerk and in Total. To establish performance criteria for athletes of LPO is necessary to consider what are the factors that, directly or indirectly, influence the performance, during a competition. Thus being able to estimate the chance of success and help the planning of the training of the athlete. The use of an objective criteria for selection in the sport and analyzing the results of LPO athletes over the years is very important for coaches and trainers. These models contribute to development more rigorous and objective goals during the training, assisting the technical team involved and benefiting the athletes themselves. Study 1 - Objective: To create a mathematical criterion to for the selection of national teams of weightlifting. Method: Application of third-order polynomial regression and analysis of the percentile of the valid results of athletes participating in the World and Pan American Adult Championships of 2009. Results: Among men, a total score equivalent to the 90 percentile assured the athletes classification to a 3rd place. Among women this fact is repeated, using the 80 percentile of the total. The polynomial regression equations had r greater than 0.90 for predicting the total of each category of body weight. Conclusion: For the selection of teams LPO, one must adopt different criteria, according to the objectives, which are defined as: 1) Obtaining points for the team, 2) Winning medals, 3) Gain experience in international competitions. Study 2 - Objective: To identify the behavior of the performance , and the age profile of LPO male athletes, over ten years between 2001 and 2010. Methods: We applied a descriptive model of study based on documentary analysis of the results in competitions from 2001 to 2010. The results for each category of body weight during the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008 were compared to results obtained in the World Championships in 2005 and 2009 through a test t. Equations were established by polynomial regression, to identify the results corresponding to the 90th percentile for the next Championships. Results: The average results achieved by athletes has not been significant increased over the ten years studied. The average of the Total of all athletes was not statistically different in any of the categories, when comparing the results obtained in the 2004 Olympics and 2008. Conclusion: Although there are no statistically significant differences between the values of Total between the Post-Olympic and Olympic years, there is, graphically, a regression in the Total for the Post-Olympic years. Study 3 - Objective: To identify the behavior of the performance, the age profile and the relationship between Total weight lifted and body weight for female LPO athletes, between 2001 and 2010. Methods: We applied a descriptive model of the study based on documentary analysis of the results in competitions from 2001 to 2010. The results for each category of body weight during the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008 were compared to results obtained in the World Championships in 2005 and 2009 through a test t. There was a subdivision for athletes who have made results similar to the 90 percentile of its category. Results: The average results achieved by athletes has not been significant increases over the ten years studied. The average of Total from all athletes was not statistically different in any of the categories, when comparing the results obtained in the 2004 Olympics and 2008. Conclusion: Apparently there is a progressive increase in LPO performance of athletes over the years, but without statistical significance. The age profile of higher performance for Weightlifting athletes appears to be linked to range from 21 to 23 years.
The competition of LPO is accomplished through two exercises (Snatch and Clean & Jerk) of strength and power. With the Snatch and Clean & Jerk combined, we have the Total weight lifted, used to rank the lifters in the competition. At official events of the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) the athlete may be awarded for obtaining the 1st, 2nd or 3rd place in the Snatch, the Clean & jerk and in Total. To establish performance criteria for athletes of LPO is necessary to consider what are the factors that, directly or indirectly, influence the performance, during a competition. Thus being able to estimate the chance of success and help the planning of the training of the athlete. The use of an objective criteria for selection in the sport and analyzing the results of LPO athletes over the years is very important for coaches and trainers. These models contribute to development more rigorous and objective goals during the training, assisting the technical team involved and benefiting the athletes themselves. Study 1 - Objective: To create a mathematical criterion to for the selection of national teams of weightlifting. Method: Application of third-order polynomial regression and analysis of the percentile of the valid results of athletes participating in the World and Pan American Adult Championships of 2009. Results: Among men, a total score equivalent to the 90 percentile assured the athletes classification to a 3rd place. Among women this fact is repeated, using the 80 percentile of the total. The polynomial regression equations had r greater than 0.90 for predicting the total of each category of body weight. Conclusion: For the selection of teams LPO, one must adopt different criteria, according to the objectives, which are defined as: 1) Obtaining points for the team, 2) Winning medals, 3) Gain experience in international competitions. Study 2 - Objective: To identify the behavior of the performance , and the age profile of LPO male athletes, over ten years between 2001 and 2010. Methods: We applied a descriptive model of study based on documentary analysis of the results in competitions from 2001 to 2010. The results for each category of body weight during the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008 were compared to results obtained in the World Championships in 2005 and 2009 through a test t. Equations were established by polynomial regression, to identify the results corresponding to the 90th percentile for the next Championships. Results: The average results achieved by athletes has not been significant increased over the ten years studied. The average of the Total of all athletes was not statistically different in any of the categories, when comparing the results obtained in the 2004 Olympics and 2008. Conclusion: Although there are no statistically significant differences between the values of Total between the Post-Olympic and Olympic years, there is, graphically, a regression in the Total for the Post-Olympic years. Study 3 - Objective: To identify the behavior of the performance, the age profile and the relationship between Total weight lifted and body weight for female LPO athletes, between 2001 and 2010. Methods: We applied a descriptive model of the study based on documentary analysis of the results in competitions from 2001 to 2010. The results for each category of body weight during the Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008 were compared to results obtained in the World Championships in 2005 and 2009 through a test t. There was a subdivision for athletes who have made results similar to the 90 percentile of its category. Results: The average results achieved by athletes has not been significant increases over the ten years studied. The average of Total from all athletes was not statistically different in any of the categories, when comparing the results obtained in the 2004 Olympics and 2008. Conclusion: Apparently there is a progressive increase in LPO performance of athletes over the years, but without statistical significance. The age profile of higher performance for Weightlifting athletes appears to be linked to range from 21 to 23 years.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Levantamento de peso, Performance humana, Treinamento de força, Weightlifting, Human performance, Strength Training
Citação
MELONI, Pedro Henrique Santos. Criteria for selection and analysis of the results of
competitions of Olympic Weightlifting. 2011. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Aspectos sócio-culturais do movimento humano; Aspectos biodinâmicos do movimento humano) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.