Tratamento e reuso de efluente de fábrica de polpa celulósica termomecânica
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Data
2019-02-04
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Uma fábrica brasileira de polpa termomecânica (TMP) está prevendo a instalação de um novo processo de branqueamento e, por conseguinte, modificará as características quali-quantitativas dos seus efluentes. Essa modificação demandará uma nova Estação de Tratamento de Efluentes (ETE). A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o emprego de uma sequência de tratamentos de efluentes futuramente gerados na fábrica composta por flotação, seguida por reator anaeróbio (UASB), por processo aeróbio de lodos ativados e por filtração por membranas poliméricas e verificar a possibilidade de reuso dos efluentes tratados no processo industrial. Realizou-se um mapa hídrico de uma indústria de polpa celulósica TMP para auxiliar na determinação dos setores de maior consumo de água e a possibilidade de reuso do efluente tratado. Para avaliação da qualidade do produto final, realizou-se ensaios laboratoriais de branqueamento medindo- se a alvura e a reversão de alvura com o retorno de 50, 75 e 100% do efluente tratado. Realizou-se uma simulação matemática no programa Aspen Plus® para a verificação da concentração dos elementos não- processáveis (ENPs) no processo industrial com o retorno de 50, 75 e 100% do efluente tratado. Produziu-se, em laboratório, o efluente futuro da fábrica, considerando a implantação de um novo processo de branqueamento com um estágio de peróxido de hidrogênio. A sequência de tratamento do efluente futuro foi realizada em escala laboratorial. Na flotação foi utilizado o coagulante policloreto de alumínio (PAC). O tempo de detenção hidráulico no UASB foi de 18 h com alimentação de fluxo contínuo. O processo de lodos ativados foi operado em um reator sequencial em batelada com um ciclo de 24 h. A membrana utilizada foi de nanofiltração (NF) tubular, da empresa PCI - AFC30. No efluente da entrada e saída de cada tratamento foram monitorados a DQO solúvel, DBO5, cor, pH, turbidez e condutividade elétrica, durante todo o experimento. Os resultados finais da sequência de tratamentos alcançaram uma eficiência de remoção de 99,8% de DQOS, 99,2% de DBO5, 61,6% de cor e 97,7% de turbidez do efluente. De acordo com o mapa hídrico da indústria TMP, o setor que apresenta o maior consumo de água, assim como geração de efluentes é o branqueamento. Assim, realizou-se o reuso do efluente tratado no processo de branqueamento da polpa. A qualidade da polpa não foi alterada conforme teste laboratorial de alvura e reversão de alvura, mesmo com o reuso de 100% do efluente tratado. A simulação computacional no programa Aspen Plus® apresentou os valores máximos a longo prazo da concentração dos ENP’s no processo após alcançar o estado estacionário. Houve um aumento da concentração dos ENP’s com o acréscimo da porcentagem de reuso do efluente tratado. Contudo, o desempenho do tratamento dos efluentes foi suficiente para remover esses elementos. Com esses resultados comprovou- se, a partir da sequência adotada, ser possível reciclar os efluentes tratados sem alteração da qualidade do produto final, podendo vislumbrar uma fábrica com consumo mínimo de água.
A Brazilian thermo-mechanical pulp mill (TMP) is planning to install a new bleaching process, resulting in a change in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the effluents. This modification will require a new effluent treatment plant (ETP). The present study aims to evaluating the use of a sequence of treatment for the future effluent composed by flotation, followed by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), aerobic activated sludge process and by polymeric membrane filtration. A water balance of a TMP pulp mill was carried out to assist in the determination of the sectors with the highest water consumption and the possibility of reuse of the treated effluent. In order to evaluate the quality of the pulp, bleaching laboratory essays were performed by measuring the brightness and the brightness reversion with the recycling of 50, 75 and 100% of the treated effluent. A mathematical simulation was performed in the Aspen Plus® program to verify the concentration of the non-process elements (NPS) in the water cycle with the recycling of 50, 75 and 100% of the treated effluent. The simulated effluent of the pulp mill was generated in laboratory, considering the implementation of a new hydrogen peroxide bleaching unit. The treatment sequence of the future was carried out in laboratory. Aluminium polychloride (PAC) coagulant was used in the flotation unit. The UASB operated with a hydraulic detention time of 18 h in a continuous feeding mode. The activated sludge was operated in a sequential batch reactor with a 24 h cycle. The membrane used was a tubular nanofiltration (NF- AFC30), from PCI. The effluent COD, BOD 5, color, pH, turbidity and electrical conductivity of the feeding and the treated effluent from each stage were measured throughout the experiment. The treatment sequence achieved a global removal efficiency of 99.8% COD, 99.2% BOD5, 61.6% color and 97.7% turbidity. According to the water balance of the TMP mill, the sector that presents the highest water consumption and effluent generation is the bleaching plant. Thus, the treated effluent was recycled to the pulp bleaching process. The quality of the pulp was not changed in respect to the brightness and brightness reversion, even when 100% of the treated effluent was recycled. The computational simulation in the Aspen Plus® program found the maximum long-term concentration values of the NPE in the process after reaching steady state. There was an increase of the concentration of the NPE with the increase of the recycling percentage of the treated effluent. However, the effluent treatment performance was sufficient to remove these elements. It was possible to recycle all the treated effluents without jeopardizing the pulp quality. A minimum water consumption TMP pulp mill scheme was achieved.
A Brazilian thermo-mechanical pulp mill (TMP) is planning to install a new bleaching process, resulting in a change in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the effluents. This modification will require a new effluent treatment plant (ETP). The present study aims to evaluating the use of a sequence of treatment for the future effluent composed by flotation, followed by upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), aerobic activated sludge process and by polymeric membrane filtration. A water balance of a TMP pulp mill was carried out to assist in the determination of the sectors with the highest water consumption and the possibility of reuse of the treated effluent. In order to evaluate the quality of the pulp, bleaching laboratory essays were performed by measuring the brightness and the brightness reversion with the recycling of 50, 75 and 100% of the treated effluent. A mathematical simulation was performed in the Aspen Plus® program to verify the concentration of the non-process elements (NPS) in the water cycle with the recycling of 50, 75 and 100% of the treated effluent. The simulated effluent of the pulp mill was generated in laboratory, considering the implementation of a new hydrogen peroxide bleaching unit. The treatment sequence of the future was carried out in laboratory. Aluminium polychloride (PAC) coagulant was used in the flotation unit. The UASB operated with a hydraulic detention time of 18 h in a continuous feeding mode. The activated sludge was operated in a sequential batch reactor with a 24 h cycle. The membrane used was a tubular nanofiltration (NF- AFC30), from PCI. The effluent COD, BOD 5, color, pH, turbidity and electrical conductivity of the feeding and the treated effluent from each stage were measured throughout the experiment. The treatment sequence achieved a global removal efficiency of 99.8% COD, 99.2% BOD5, 61.6% color and 97.7% turbidity. According to the water balance of the TMP mill, the sector that presents the highest water consumption and effluent generation is the bleaching plant. Thus, the treated effluent was recycled to the pulp bleaching process. The quality of the pulp was not changed in respect to the brightness and brightness reversion, even when 100% of the treated effluent was recycled. The computational simulation in the Aspen Plus® program found the maximum long-term concentration values of the NPE in the process after reaching steady state. There was an increase of the concentration of the NPE with the increase of the recycling percentage of the treated effluent. However, the effluent treatment performance was sufficient to remove these elements. It was possible to recycle all the treated effluents without jeopardizing the pulp quality. A minimum water consumption TMP pulp mill scheme was achieved.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Residuos industriais - Reaproveitamento, Polpa de madeira -Branqueamento -Simulação por computador, Aguas residuais - Resfriamento
Citação
CALDEIRA, Daiane Cristina Diniz. Tratamento e reuso de efluente de fábrica de polpa celulósica termomecânica. 2019. 101 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.