Ozonização de grãos de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.): processos de saturação e de decomposição, inativação de Fusarium graminearum e efeito na qualidade dos grãos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os grãos da cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) podem ser contaminados por micotoxinas ainda no campo ou durante o processo de malteação. Então, é importante que sejam adotadas técnicas de controle dos fungos, de tal forma a reduzir o risco de contaminação durante a produção do malte. Desta forma os objetivos do presente estudo foram (i) Caracterizar a cinética de decomposição do ozônio em meio poroso de cevada em duas vazões específicas (1,0 m3 min-1 t-1 e 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1); (ii) Determinar a capacidade do ozônio de inativar Fusarium graminearum em cevada e possíveis alterações qualitativas no produto, em diferentes combinações vazão específica e tempo de exposição (0 (controle), 8, 16 e 24 h). Na ozonização dos grãos, foi adotada a concentração de entrada de 1,0 mg L-1 e vazões específicas de ar de 1,0 e 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1, a 20 ºC. Para a vazão específica de 1,0 m3 min-1 t-1, o tempo saturação e a concentração da saturação foram de 337,8 min e 0,39 mg L-1, respectivamente. O tempo saturação e a concentração da saturação referente à vazão específica de 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1 foram de 105,6 min e 0,49 mg L-1, respectivamente. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados foi o de primeira ordem, utilizado para obter a meia-vida do ozônio no meio poroso. As meias-vidas do ozônio para as vazões específicas de 1,0 e 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1 foram iguais a 4,0 e 5,3 min, respectivamente. No que se refere à germinação, para a vazão específica de 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1, verificou-se redução da germinação, quando se adotaram os tempos de exposição de 16 e 24 h, em comparação as amostras não ozonizadas (0 h). A ozonização alterou a cor dos grãos de cevada. A saturação de cor dos grãos aumentou à medida que se elevou o tempo de exposição ao ozônio, quando se adotou a vazão específica equivalente a 1,0 m3 min-1 t-1, assim como na diferença de cor, com e nos tempos de exposição de 16 e 24 h. Quando se adotaram as combinações 1,0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 h (34,4±7,8%) e 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1/8 h (41,9±2,3) o ozônio foi eficaz na inativação do fungo. Conclui-se que: i) o processo de saturação de meio poroso com cevada é influenciado pela vazão específica do ar; ii) modelo cinético de primeira ordem é o mais adequado para descrever a decomposição do ozônio em meio poroso de cevada; iii) tratamento de cevada com ozônio, na vazão específica do ar de 1,0 m3 min-1 t-1 e concentração de entrada de 1,0 mg L-1, por até 24 h, não acarreta em alterações indesejáveis na qualidade dos grãos; iv) é possível o controle eficaz de fungos em grãos cevada, especialmente F. graminearum, adotando-se as seguintes combinações de vazão específica do ar e tempo de exposição ao ozônio: 1,0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 e 2,0 m3 min-1 t-1/8 h. Palavras-chave: Ozonização; Hordeum vulgare L.; Germinação; Controle de fungos.
Barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) can be contaminated by mycotoxins in the field or during the malting process. Therefore, it is important to adopt fungal control techniques in order to reduce the risk of contamination during malt production. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the kinetics of ozone decomposition in porous barley media at two specific flow rates (1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1); (ii) to determine the capacity of ozone to inactivate Fusarium graminearum in barley and possible qualitative changes in the product, at different combinations of specific flow rate and exposure time (0 (control), 8, 16 and 24 h). In the ozonation of the grains, an input concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 and specific air flow rates of 1.0 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1, at 20 ºC, were adopted. For the specific flow rate of 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1, the saturation time and saturation concentration were 337.8 min and 0.39 mg L-1, respectively. The saturation time and saturation concentration for the specific flow rate of 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1 were 105.6 min and 0.49 mg L-1, respectively. The model that best fitted the data was the first-order model, used to obtain the ozone half-life in the porous medium. The ozone half-lives for the specific flow rates of 1.0 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1 were equal to 4.0 and 5.3 min, respectively. Regarding germination, for the specific flow rate of 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1, a reduction in germination was observed when the exposure times of 16 and 24 h were adopted, compared to the non-ozonated samples (0 h). Ozonation changed the color of the barley grains. The color saturation of the grains increased as the exposure time to ozone increased, when the specific flow rate equivalent to 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 was adopted, as well as in the color difference, with and at the exposure times of 16 and 24 h. When the combinations 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 h (34.4 ± 7.8%) and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1/8 h (41.9 ± 2.3) were adopted, ozone was effective in inactivating the fungus. It is concluded that: i) the saturation process of porous medium with barley is influenced by the specific air flow rate; ii) a first-order kinetic model is the most appropriate to describe the decomposition of ozone in porous barley medium; iii) treatment of barley with ozone, at a specific air flow rate of 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 and an input concentration of 1.0 mg L-1, for up to 24 h, does not result in undesirable changes in grain quality; iv) effective control of fungi in barley grains, especially F. graminearum, is possible by adopting the following combinations of specific air flow rate and ozone exposure time: 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t- 1/8 h. Keywords: Ozonation; Hordeum vulgare L.; Germination; Fungal control.
Barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) can be contaminated by mycotoxins in the field or during the malting process. Therefore, it is important to adopt fungal control techniques in order to reduce the risk of contamination during malt production. Thus, the objectives of this study were (i) to characterize the kinetics of ozone decomposition in porous barley media at two specific flow rates (1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1); (ii) to determine the capacity of ozone to inactivate Fusarium graminearum in barley and possible qualitative changes in the product, at different combinations of specific flow rate and exposure time (0 (control), 8, 16 and 24 h). In the ozonation of the grains, an input concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 and specific air flow rates of 1.0 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1, at 20 ºC, were adopted. For the specific flow rate of 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1, the saturation time and saturation concentration were 337.8 min and 0.39 mg L-1, respectively. The saturation time and saturation concentration for the specific flow rate of 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1 were 105.6 min and 0.49 mg L-1, respectively. The model that best fitted the data was the first-order model, used to obtain the ozone half-life in the porous medium. The ozone half-lives for the specific flow rates of 1.0 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1 were equal to 4.0 and 5.3 min, respectively. Regarding germination, for the specific flow rate of 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1, a reduction in germination was observed when the exposure times of 16 and 24 h were adopted, compared to the non-ozonated samples (0 h). Ozonation changed the color of the barley grains. The color saturation of the grains increased as the exposure time to ozone increased, when the specific flow rate equivalent to 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 was adopted, as well as in the color difference, with and at the exposure times of 16 and 24 h. When the combinations 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 h (34.4 ± 7.8%) and 2.0 m3 min-1 t-1/8 h (41.9 ± 2.3) were adopted, ozone was effective in inactivating the fungus. It is concluded that: i) the saturation process of porous medium with barley is influenced by the specific air flow rate; ii) a first-order kinetic model is the most appropriate to describe the decomposition of ozone in porous barley medium; iii) treatment of barley with ozone, at a specific air flow rate of 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1 and an input concentration of 1.0 mg L-1, for up to 24 h, does not result in undesirable changes in grain quality; iv) effective control of fungi in barley grains, especially F. graminearum, is possible by adopting the following combinations of specific air flow rate and ozone exposure time: 1.0 m3 min-1 t-1/24 and 2.0 m3 min-1 t- 1/8 h. Keywords: Ozonation; Hordeum vulgare L.; Germination; Fungal control.
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BARBOSA, Francisco Raylan Sousa. Ozonização de grãos de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.): processos de saturação e de decomposição, inativação de Fusarium graminearum e efeito na qualidade dos grãos. 2024. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
