Atividade de rizobactérias de plantas antagonistas sobre os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica) em plantas de soja
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os nematoides das galhas, em especial as espécies Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica, são os nematoides de maior relevância na cultura da soja. Dentre as medidas de controle para estes nematoides, o controle biológico tem se tornado uma ferramenta cada vez mais eficaz na diminuição dos níveis populacionais destas espécies no campo. O uso de rizobactérias no manejo pode resultar no biocontrole de Meloidogyne spp. e favorecer o incremento vegetativo da planta hospedeira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade de três estirpes de rizobactérias, Cs-2, Mc-3 e Cs-12, em reduzir a reprodução ou controlar os níveis populacionais de M. incognita e M. javanica, além de verificar a capacidade destas estirpes em promover o ganho de massa vegetal em plantas de soja. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa-de- vegetação, sob temperatura média de 27 ºC. Após 60 dias, foram avaliados o número de ovos e de galhas por grama de raiz e a massa da parte aérea fresca e seca e a massa da raiz fresca e seca. Não foram observados efeitos de biocontrole para ambas as espécies de Meloidogyne spp., fato este confirmado pela contagem do número de ovos e galhas das plantas de soja infectadas. Em contrapartida, a rizobactéria Cs-12, pertencente ao gênero Bacillus, foi capaz de garantir um aumento de massa seca do sistema radicular em plantas de soja sadias, em comparação com o tratamento testemunha. Apesar de não resultarem no biocontrole de nematoides das galhas quando aplicadas via sulco de plantio, o isolado Cs-12 foi efetivo em promover o crescimento radicular da soja. Palavras-chave: Fitonematoides. Controle biológico. Níveis populacionais. Rizobactérias promotoras do crescimento (PGPRs).
Root-knot nematodes, especially the species Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, are the most important nematodes in the soybean crop. Among the control measures for these nematodes, biological control has become an increasingly effective tool in reducing the population levels of these species in the field. The use of rhizobacteria in management can result in the biocontrol of Meloidogyne spp. and favor the vegetative growth of the host plant. The objective of this work was to verify the capacity of three strains of rhizobacteria, Cs-2, Mc-3 and Cs-12, in reducing the reproduction or controlling the population levels of M. incognita and M. javanica, besides verifying their capacity strains to promote plant mass gain in soybean plants. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, at an average temperature of 27 ºC. After 60 days, the number of eggs and galls per gram of root and the mass of fresh and dry shoots and the mass of fresh and dry roots were evaluated. No biocontrol effects were observed for both species of Meloidogyne spp., a fact confirmed by counting the number of eggs and galls of infected soybean plants. On the other hand, the Cs-12 rhizobacterium, belonging to the genus Bacillus, was able to guarantee an increase in the dry mass of the root system in healthy soybean plants, in comparison with the control treatment. Although they did not result in the biocontrol of root-knot nematodes when applied via the planting furrow, the Cs-12 isolate was effective in promoting soybean root growth. Keywords: Plant-parasitic nematodes. Biological control. Populations levels. Growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs).
Root-knot nematodes, especially the species Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, are the most important nematodes in the soybean crop. Among the control measures for these nematodes, biological control has become an increasingly effective tool in reducing the population levels of these species in the field. The use of rhizobacteria in management can result in the biocontrol of Meloidogyne spp. and favor the vegetative growth of the host plant. The objective of this work was to verify the capacity of three strains of rhizobacteria, Cs-2, Mc-3 and Cs-12, in reducing the reproduction or controlling the population levels of M. incognita and M. javanica, besides verifying their capacity strains to promote plant mass gain in soybean plants. The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, at an average temperature of 27 ºC. After 60 days, the number of eggs and galls per gram of root and the mass of fresh and dry shoots and the mass of fresh and dry roots were evaluated. No biocontrol effects were observed for both species of Meloidogyne spp., a fact confirmed by counting the number of eggs and galls of infected soybean plants. On the other hand, the Cs-12 rhizobacterium, belonging to the genus Bacillus, was able to guarantee an increase in the dry mass of the root system in healthy soybean plants, in comparison with the control treatment. Although they did not result in the biocontrol of root-knot nematodes when applied via the planting furrow, the Cs-12 isolate was effective in promoting soybean root growth. Keywords: Plant-parasitic nematodes. Biological control. Populations levels. Growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs).
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Citation
PINTO, Luiz Felipe de Castro do Carmo. Atividade de rizobactérias de plantas antagonistas sobre os nematoides das galhas (Meloidogyne incognita e Meloidogyne javanica) em plantas de soja. 2023. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
