Efeito da inferioridade e superioridade numérica fixa em jogos reduzidos e condicionados no desempenho técnico-tático de jogadores de futebol
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Revista Brasileira de Futebol
Abstract
Introdução: Os jogos reduzidos e condicionados (JRC) possibilitam aos jogadores realizar ações em contexto imprevisível, aleatório e dinâmico. Especificamente, a criação de superioridade e inferioridade numérica fixa é frequentemente utilizada pelos treinadores. Embora os estudos demonstrem a modificação do comportamento tático em superioridade e inferioridade numérica fixa, não está bem esclarecido como ela se relaciona com o desempenho técnico-tático dos jogadores. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da inferioridade e superioridade numérica fixa em jogos reduzidos e condicionados sobre o desempenho técnico-tático de jogadores de futebol.
Metodologia: Foram avaliados 36 jogadores (14,61 ± 1,66 anos) oriundos das categorias Sub-13, Sub-15 e Sub17 de uma única equipe de futebol, participando regularmente de competições estaduais e de treinamentos cinco vezes por semana. Os jogadores atuavam nos estatutos posicionais: defensor, meio- campista e atacante, com exceção do goleiro, que não foi incluído na avaliação. Os jogadores foram divididos em três grupos de quatro equipes, com três jogadores cada, com seu respectivo goleiro, atuando em JCR de quatro minutos no sistema de campeonato, realizado em campo de grama natural, com as dimensões de 36 x 27 m, seguindo as regras básicas do jogo. O desempenho técnico-tático dos jogadores foi avaliado através do Team Sports Performance Assessment (TSAP). O TSAP é composto por seis parâmetros agrupados em duas categorias: forma com que o jogador tem a posse da bola e forma com que o jogador se dispõe da bola. A primeira categoria é composta por dois parâmetros: bolas conquistadas e bolas recebidas. A segunda é composta pelos outros quatro parâmetros: passe neutro, perda da bola, passe ofensivo e finalização ao gol. Os dados foram obtidos através de testes de medidas repetidas. Além disso, utilizou-se o effect size para verificar a magnitude da diferença em cada jogo reduzido e condicionado. Resultados: Na inferioridade numérica fixa, os jogadores apresentaram valores significativamente menores nas variáveis bolas recebidas (14,5 ± 4,93; p<,004), bolas neutras (9,63 ± 3,71; p<,049), ações ofensivas (4,88 ± 2,47; p<,009), volume de jogo (24,16 ± 6,33; p<,009) e desempenho (22,33 ± 5,82; p<,032) do que na igualdade numérica. Na superioridade numérica fixa, os jogadores apresentaram valores significativamente menores nas variáveis bolas recebidas (14,22 ± 5,98; p<,008), bolas neutras (8,41 ± 4,15; p<,003), bolas perdidas 8,55 ± 3,18; p<,005) e volume de jogo (23,55 ± 6,2; p<.008) e valores significativamente maiores na variável passe ofensivo (5 ± 2,66; p<,019). Conclusão: Os jogadores modificaram as ações técnico-táticas de acordo com os constrangimentos da tarefa. Contudo, apenas a inferioridade numérica modificou o desempenho dos jogadores. Dessa forma, o constrangimento da tarefa de inferioridade numérica apresentou dificuldades e desvantagens que afetaram o desempenho dos jogadores. No entanto, a vantagem de se jogar com um jogador a mais não melhorou o desempenho dos jogadores.
Introduction: Small-sided and conditioned games enable players to perform actions in unpredictable, random and dynamic context. Specifically, creation of fixed numerical superiority and inferiority are often used by coaches. Researchers evaluate the players’ behaviours in order to advise the design of small-sided and conditioned games. Although studies displayed the adjustment of tactical behaviour in numerical superiority and inferiority, it is not clear how it relates to players’ technical-tactical performance. Objective: Verify the effect of numerical inferiority and superiority in small-sided and conditioned games on soccer players’ technical-tactical performance. Methodology: The sample consisted of 36 male youth soccer players of U-13, U-15, and U-17, from only football club, participating regularly in state competitions and training sessions five times per week. The players were divided into 3 groups of 4 teams with 3 players each with their respective goalkeeper acting in 4 minutes JCR in the championship system, performed on a natural grass field, with the dimensions of 36m x 27m following the basic rules of the game. The technical-tactical performance of the players was evaluated by the Team Sports Performance Assessment (TSAP) TSAP is composed of six parameters grouped into two categories: 1) how the player has the possession of the ball 2) how the player disposes of the ball. The first category is made up of two parameters: conquering the balls, receiving the balls. The second category is made up of the other four parameters: playing a neutral pass, losing the ball, playing an offensive ball, execution a successful shot. The data were compared through repeated measurement tests. In addition, we used effect size to verify the magnitude of the difference in each small-sided and conditioned games. Results: In numerical inferiority, players displayed significantly lower values in receiving ball (14,5 ± 4,93; p<.004), neutral balls(9,63 ± 3,71; p<,049), attacking balls (4,88 ± 2,47; p<,009), volume of play (24,16 ± 6,33; p<,009) and performance score (22,33 ± 5,82; p<.032). In numerical superiority players displayed significantly lower values in receiving ball (14,22 ± 5,98; p<.008), neutral balls (8,41 ± 4,15; p<,003), lost balls (8,55 ± 3,18; p<,005), volume of play (23,55 ± 6,2; p<,008) and significantly higher values in offensive balls (5 ± 2,66; p<,019). Conclusion: We concluded numerical inferiority modified technical-tactical actions according task constraints. However, only numerical inferiority modified. Thus, numerical inferiority displayed difficulties and disadvantages that affect players’ performance. However, play with one more player did not improve soccer players’ performance.
Introduction: Small-sided and conditioned games enable players to perform actions in unpredictable, random and dynamic context. Specifically, creation of fixed numerical superiority and inferiority are often used by coaches. Researchers evaluate the players’ behaviours in order to advise the design of small-sided and conditioned games. Although studies displayed the adjustment of tactical behaviour in numerical superiority and inferiority, it is not clear how it relates to players’ technical-tactical performance. Objective: Verify the effect of numerical inferiority and superiority in small-sided and conditioned games on soccer players’ technical-tactical performance. Methodology: The sample consisted of 36 male youth soccer players of U-13, U-15, and U-17, from only football club, participating regularly in state competitions and training sessions five times per week. The players were divided into 3 groups of 4 teams with 3 players each with their respective goalkeeper acting in 4 minutes JCR in the championship system, performed on a natural grass field, with the dimensions of 36m x 27m following the basic rules of the game. The technical-tactical performance of the players was evaluated by the Team Sports Performance Assessment (TSAP) TSAP is composed of six parameters grouped into two categories: 1) how the player has the possession of the ball 2) how the player disposes of the ball. The first category is made up of two parameters: conquering the balls, receiving the balls. The second category is made up of the other four parameters: playing a neutral pass, losing the ball, playing an offensive ball, execution a successful shot. The data were compared through repeated measurement tests. In addition, we used effect size to verify the magnitude of the difference in each small-sided and conditioned games. Results: In numerical inferiority, players displayed significantly lower values in receiving ball (14,5 ± 4,93; p<.004), neutral balls(9,63 ± 3,71; p<,049), attacking balls (4,88 ± 2,47; p<,009), volume of play (24,16 ± 6,33; p<,009) and performance score (22,33 ± 5,82; p<.032). In numerical superiority players displayed significantly lower values in receiving ball (14,22 ± 5,98; p<.008), neutral balls (8,41 ± 4,15; p<,003), lost balls (8,55 ± 3,18; p<,005), volume of play (23,55 ± 6,2; p<,008) and significantly higher values in offensive balls (5 ± 2,66; p<,019). Conclusion: We concluded numerical inferiority modified technical-tactical actions according task constraints. However, only numerical inferiority modified. Thus, numerical inferiority displayed difficulties and disadvantages that affect players’ performance. However, play with one more player did not improve soccer players’ performance.
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FREITAS, Luís Fábio de et al. Efeito da inferioridade e superioridade numérica fixa em jogos reduzidos e condicionados no desempenho técnico-tático de jogadores de futebol. Revista Brasileira de Futebol, Viçosa, v. 14, n. 1, p. 48-63, 2021.
