Desdobramentos do desenvolvimento do turismo na configuração espacial de Pirenópolis-GO
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Data
2019-03-29
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cidade foi tombada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional em 1989 como conjunto arquitetônico, urbanístico, paisagístico e histórico e, a partir desse momento, passou a receber investimentos do poder público, em parceria com instituições privadas, para impulsionar o turismo na região. Para compreensão do contexto atual do município, considerou-se o recorte temporal de 1989 a 2018 e o recorte territorial de análise do Centro Histórico e entorno, uma vez que nesses espaços, o desenvolvimento turístico provocou grandes mudanças na reconfiguração do espaço, assim como a reorganização social devido à valorização do espaço para comercialização do turismo, baseado na essência capitalista. Os procedimentos metodológicos dessa pesquisa foram de abordagem essencialmente qualitativa, classificados como exploratória e descritiva. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado e observação não participante, sendo empregada a técnica da análise de conteúdo. As entrevistas foram aplicadas a cinco tipos de agentes diferentes, sendo: Iphan, poder público municipal, empresários, população local e turistas. Dentre as limitações, destacam-se a dificuldade ao acesso aos documentos solicitados parte do poder público e a negativa de entrevista do Iphan. Historicamente, o espaço urbano de Pirenópolis foi produzido por meio de quatro ciclos, sendo o Ciclo do Ouro; da Agricultura e do Comércio; da Arte e da Pedra e o do Turismo. Nesse contexto, por meio das entrevistas, identificou-se como a forma de resgate às tradições históricas relacionadas ao espaço urbano possui significação identitária para a população pirenopolina, o que caracteriza um dos desdobramentos do processo analisado. Dentre as politics (processos políticos que envolvem o turismo e a transformação do espaço), as diretrizes legais e da urbanização turística destacam-se pela dificuldade de regulamentação e pela falta de fiscalização por parte do poder público. A pesquisa de campo possibilitou a compreensão dos desdobramentos que se configuram no caráter relacional da produção do espaço, envolvendo questões de ordem concreta e simbólica do indivíduo com o próprio espaço onde vivencia. Dentre as modificações causadas pelo espaço-tempo na produção do cenário para o turista, houve processos de gentrificação no Centro Histórico, reconfigurando o espaço e transformando o entorno com a construção de condomínios privados, assim como o afastamento da sociedade para áreas rurais devido à valorização imobiliária. Foi identificado que as ênfases do desenvolvimento econômico sobrepõem as relações sociais, culturais, histórica e ambientais no processo de urbanização turística devido à essência capitalista, reflexo do processo político do desenvolvimento geográfico desigual da produção do espaço que se configura na relação socioespacial. Observa-se a inexistência de governança e de cooperação público-privado-sociedade entre os atores que deveriam participar desse processo. Essa falta de interação pode acabar prejudicando os processos e a elaboração de políticas públicas de planejamento urbano e da atividade turística, assim como as ações de promoção e apoio à comercialização de forma integrada.
The city was listed by the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1989 as an architectural, urban, landscape and historical complex and, from that moment, began to receive investments from public power, in partnership with private institutions, to boost tourism in the region. To understand the current context of the municipality, we considered the time cut from 1989 to 2018 and the territorial cut of analysis of the Historic Center and surroundings, since in these spaces, tourism development caused great changes in the reconfiguration of space, as well as the social reorganization due to the valorization of the space for commercialization of tourism, based on the capitalist essence. The methodological procedures of this research were of essentially qualitative approach, classified as exploratory and descriptive. Data collection was done through bibliographical and documentary research, interviews with semi-structured script and non-participant observation, using the technique of content analysis. The interviews were applied to five different types of agents: Iphan, municipal public power, businessmen, local population and tourists. Among the limitations, the difficulty to access the documents requested is part of the public power and the refusal to interview the Iphan. Historically, the urban space of Pirenópolis was produced by means of four cycles, being the Gold Cycle; Agriculture and Trade; Art and Stone and Tourism. In this context, through the interviews, it was identified how the way of retrieving historical traditions related to urban space produces identity significance for the pirenopolina population, which characterizes one of the unfolding of the analyzed process. Among politics (political processes involving tourism and the transformation of space), the legal guidelines and tourism urbanization stand out due to the difficulty of regulation and the lack of supervision by the public power. The field research allowed the understanding of the unfolding that are configured in the relational character of space production, involving questions of concrete and symbolic order of the individual with the space where he lives. Among the modifications caused by space-time in the production of the scenery for the tourist, there was a processes of gentrification in the Historic Center, reconfiguring the space and transforming the environment with the construction of private condominiums, as well as the removal of society to rural areas due to the valorization real estate. It was identified that the emphases of economic development overlap social, cultural, historical and environmental relations in the process of tourist urbanization due to the capitalist essence, a reflection of the political process of unequal geographical development of space production that is configured in the socio-spatial relationship. It is observed the lack of governance and public-private-society cooperation among the actors who should participate in this process. This lack of interaction could end up hampering the processes and the elaboration of public policies of urban planning and of the tourist activity, as well as the actions of promotion and support to the commercialization of integrated form.
The city was listed by the Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1989 as an architectural, urban, landscape and historical complex and, from that moment, began to receive investments from public power, in partnership with private institutions, to boost tourism in the region. To understand the current context of the municipality, we considered the time cut from 1989 to 2018 and the territorial cut of analysis of the Historic Center and surroundings, since in these spaces, tourism development caused great changes in the reconfiguration of space, as well as the social reorganization due to the valorization of the space for commercialization of tourism, based on the capitalist essence. The methodological procedures of this research were of essentially qualitative approach, classified as exploratory and descriptive. Data collection was done through bibliographical and documentary research, interviews with semi-structured script and non-participant observation, using the technique of content analysis. The interviews were applied to five different types of agents: Iphan, municipal public power, businessmen, local population and tourists. Among the limitations, the difficulty to access the documents requested is part of the public power and the refusal to interview the Iphan. Historically, the urban space of Pirenópolis was produced by means of four cycles, being the Gold Cycle; Agriculture and Trade; Art and Stone and Tourism. In this context, through the interviews, it was identified how the way of retrieving historical traditions related to urban space produces identity significance for the pirenopolina population, which characterizes one of the unfolding of the analyzed process. Among politics (political processes involving tourism and the transformation of space), the legal guidelines and tourism urbanization stand out due to the difficulty of regulation and the lack of supervision by the public power. The field research allowed the understanding of the unfolding that are configured in the relational character of space production, involving questions of concrete and symbolic order of the individual with the space where he lives. Among the modifications caused by space-time in the production of the scenery for the tourist, there was a processes of gentrification in the Historic Center, reconfiguring the space and transforming the environment with the construction of private condominiums, as well as the removal of society to rural areas due to the valorization real estate. It was identified that the emphases of economic development overlap social, cultural, historical and environmental relations in the process of tourist urbanization due to the capitalist essence, a reflection of the political process of unequal geographical development of space production that is configured in the socio-spatial relationship. It is observed the lack of governance and public-private-society cooperation among the actors who should participate in this process. This lack of interaction could end up hampering the processes and the elaboration of public policies of urban planning and of the tourist activity, as well as the actions of promotion and support to the commercialization of integrated form.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Turismo - Pirenópolis (GO), Gentrificação
Citação
MARQUES, Ariane Belcavelo Silveira. Desdobramentos do desenvolvimento do turismo na configuração espacial de Pirenópolis-GO. 2019. 121 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.