Um passeio pelos modos de Majorana em supercondutores quirais
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Data
2022-02-24
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A busca por sistemas que exibam Modos Zero de Majorana (MZM) têm por principal justificativa o apelo tecnológico, em especial, a computação quântica. A existência destas partículas emergentes seria formidável, pois além delas obedecerem a estatística de troca não Abeliana, que é uma característica interessantíssima para uma computação quântica topológica, elas são protegidas topologicamente, o que torna possível a construção de uma computação mais estável. Modos de Majorana são em essência partículas emergen- tes, que possuem características análogas ao Férmion de Majorana. MZM desacoplados espacialmente podem ser encontrados em sistemas supercondutores na fase topológica, visto que eles são a sobreposição de iguais graus de liberdade entre elétrons e buracos. Assim a grande questão é caracterizar a fase trivial e topológica desses sistemas, onde tal transição é caracterizada pela mudança de um invariante topológico antes e depois do fechamento do gap. Podemos obter informações relevantes do sistema a partir de proprie- dades termodinâmicas como a entropia, a densidade de partículas e a energia do sistema, tanto na fase trivial como na topológica. Todas essas relações podem ser derivadas da função partição. Como estamos interessados em identificar a emergência de MZM na fase topológica do sistema, devemos tomar a Hamiltoniana na base de Majorana e obter a função partição. De posse do potencial efetivo encontramos a forma da dependência do parâmetro supercondutor com a temperatura. Outro resultado interessante é a densidade de partículas, que no estado trivial é sempre positiva (elétrons) ou negativa (buracos) enquanto no estado topológico há uma coexistência entre elétrons e buracos. Portanto, corroborando com a existência de MZM no estado topológico. Ainda calculamos o valor do parâmetro de interação gc crítico para Srs RulO, e comparamos com os resultados experimentais, obtendo satisfatória concordância entre a teoria e a prática. Palavras-chave: Modos de Majorana. Supercondutores Quirais. Potencial Efetivo.
The search for systems that exhibit Majorana Zero Modes (MZM) has as main justi- fication the technological appeal, in particular, quantum computing. The existence of these emergent particles would be formidable, because in addition to obeying the non- Abelian exchange statistics, which is a very interesting feature for a topological quantum computation, they are topologically protected, which makes it possible to build a more stable computation. Majorana modes are essentially emergent particles, which have cha- racteristics analogous to Majorana fermion. Spatially decoupled MZM can be found in superconducting systems in the topological phase, since they are the superposition of equal degrees of freedom between electrons and holes. So the big question is to characterize the trivial and topological phase of these systems, where such a transition is characterized by the change of a topological invariant before and after closing the gap. We can obtain relevant information about the system from thermodynamic properties such as entropy, particle density and energy of the system, both in the trivial and topological phases. All these relationships can be derived from the partition function. As we are interested in identifying the emergence of MZM im the topological phase of the system, we must take the Hamiltonian in the Majorana basis and obtain the partition function. In possession of the effective potential, we find the form of the dependence of the superconducting pa- rameter on temperature. Another interesting result is the particle density, which in the trivial state is always positive (electrons) or negative (holes) while in the topological state there is a coexistence between electrons and holes. Therefore, corroborating the existence of MZM in the topological state. We also calculated the value of the critical go interac- tion parameter for Srs RuO4 and compared it with the experimental results, obtaining satisfactory agreement between theory and practice. Keywords: Majorana modes. Chiral superconductors. Effective Potential.
The search for systems that exhibit Majorana Zero Modes (MZM) has as main justi- fication the technological appeal, in particular, quantum computing. The existence of these emergent particles would be formidable, because in addition to obeying the non- Abelian exchange statistics, which is a very interesting feature for a topological quantum computation, they are topologically protected, which makes it possible to build a more stable computation. Majorana modes are essentially emergent particles, which have cha- racteristics analogous to Majorana fermion. Spatially decoupled MZM can be found in superconducting systems in the topological phase, since they are the superposition of equal degrees of freedom between electrons and holes. So the big question is to characterize the trivial and topological phase of these systems, where such a transition is characterized by the change of a topological invariant before and after closing the gap. We can obtain relevant information about the system from thermodynamic properties such as entropy, particle density and energy of the system, both in the trivial and topological phases. All these relationships can be derived from the partition function. As we are interested in identifying the emergence of MZM im the topological phase of the system, we must take the Hamiltonian in the Majorana basis and obtain the partition function. In possession of the effective potential, we find the form of the dependence of the superconducting pa- rameter on temperature. Another interesting result is the particle density, which in the trivial state is always positive (electrons) or negative (holes) while in the topological state there is a coexistence between electrons and holes. Therefore, corroborating the existence of MZM in the topological state. We also calculated the value of the critical go interac- tion parameter for Srs RuO4 and compared it with the experimental results, obtaining satisfactory agreement between theory and practice. Keywords: Majorana modes. Chiral superconductors. Effective Potential.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Teoria quântica, Supercondutores, Matéria condensada, Física do estado sólido
Citação
SOUZA, Sidnei Fernandes de. Um passeio pelos modos de Majorana em supercondutores quirais. 2022. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
