Efeitos dos diferentes equipamentos de proteção individual, utilizados pelos policiais do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais na cinemática tridimensional da marcha, do passo tático e do trote
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Data
2023-10-30
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Os policiais militares do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE) utilizam equipamentos de proteção Individual (EPIs), que podem pesar até 40% do peso corporal. Pesquisas têm demonstrado que o excesso de peso desses equipamentos pode ter impactos nas variáveis biomecânicas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar como os EPIs, podem afetar o comprimento e a largura da passada, bem como o deslocamento tridimensional do centro de massa e as variáveis angulares do tronco e das articulações do quadril, joelho e tornozelo. Um sistema optoeletrônico composto por 10 câmeras (360Hz, Optitrack) foi empregado para rastrear as coordenadas 3D de 36 marcadores retrorreflexivos fixados em cinco policiais do BOPE. Foram analisados 10 ciclos da marcha usando um traje de educação física (controle) e três tipos de EPIs (antitumulto, ações táticas e antibomba). Além disso, nas tarefas de passo tático e trote, com a mesma duração, foram avaliados o traje de controle e dois tipos de EPIs (antitumulto e ações táticas). Os resultados mostraram principais mudanças nas curvas médias com o EPI antibomba, apresentando desvio-padrão maior do que o controle em todas as articulações. Na curva de adução/abdução do tornozelo esquerdo durante o passo tático, o EPI antitumulto exibiu uma menor adução em comparação com o controle. Na amplitude de movimento (ADM) foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. No joelho esquerdo durante o trote o uso do EPI de ações táticas (54,69 ± 5,67) provocou uma redução significativa na flexão/extensão comparado ao controle (60,70 ± 7,9); o joelho direito, durante a mesma tarefa, apresentou uma redução significativa na flexão/extensão durante o uso do EPI de ações táticas (59,94 ± 3,83), se comparado ao controle (62,46 ± 6,91). O tornozelo esquerdo apresentou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa para a rotação interna/externa, essa diferença foi entre o controle (10,21 ± 1,55) e o EPI antitumulto (8,2 ± 1,56). Nas variáveis espaciais o comprimento da passada direita e esquerda durante a marcha com o EPI antibomba (1.18 (± 0.12)) foi significativamente menor do que com o EPI de ações táticas (1.42 (± 0.12) e (1.44 (± 0.09)), concordando com a literatura. A largura da passada foi significativamente maior durante o uso do EPI de ações táticas (0.09 (± 0.03)) comparado com o EPI antitumulto (0.07 (± 0.04)) durante o passo tático. Concluiu-se que EPIs com peso superior a 30 kg provocam alterações na variável espacial comprimento da passada. A largura da passada sofreu alterações apenas durante o passo tático, possivelmente pelo fato de a forma de transporte da carga variar em razão do posicionamento do fuzil no EPI de ações táticas e do escudo no EPI antitumulto. Além disso, no que diz respeito às curvas médias, as adaptações individuais foram mais proeminentes do que as adaptações em grupo. Para a ADM as articulações do joelho e tornozelo apresentaram alterações devido ao acréscimo da carga, o último no passo tático até então não estudado. Assim sendo, este estudo fornece resultados inéditos, quanto a análise do passo tático, e é relevante devido às velocidades semelhantes às utilizadas em incursões com uso dos EPIs fornecidos pelo Estado. Palavras-chave: Cinemática tridimensional, BOPE, efeitos de EPIs, marcha, passo tático, trote.
Military police officers from the Special Police Operations Battalion (BOPE) wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which can weigh up to 40% of their body weight. Research has shown that the excess weight of this equipment can have an impact on biomechanical variables. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze how PPE can affect stride length and width, the three- dimensional displacement of the center of mass, and the angular variables of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joints. An optoelectronic system consisting of 10 cameras (360Hz, Optitrack) was used to track the 3D coordinates of 36 retroreflective markers attached to five BOPE police officers. Ten gait cycles were analyzed using a physical education suit (control) and three types of PPE (anti-tumult, tactical actions and anti-bomb). In addition, the control suit and two types of PPE (anti-tumult and tactical actions) were evaluated in the tactical step and trot tasks with the same duration. The results showed significant changes in the average curves with the anti- bomb PPE, with a higher standard deviation than the control in all joints. In the left ankle adduction/abduction curve during the tactical step, the anti-tamper PPE showed less adduction compared to the control. Statistically significant differences were found in the range of motion (ROM). In the left knee during the trot, the use of tactical action PPE (54.69 ± 5.67) caused a significant reduction in flexion/extension compared to the control (60.70 ± 7.9); the right knee, during the same task, showed a significant reduction in flexion/extension during the use of tactical action PPE (59.94 ± 3.83) compared to the control (62.46 ± 6.91). The left ankle showed a statistically significant internal/external rotation difference between the control (10.21 ± 1.55) and the anti-tamper PPE (8.2 ± 1.56). In terms of spatial variables, the length of the right and left stride during walking with the anti-bomb PPE (1.18 (± 0.12)) was significantly less than with the tactical actions PPE (1.42 (± 0.12) and (1.44 (± 0.09)), in agreement with the literature. Stride width was significantly greater when wearing tactical PPE (0.09 (± 0.03)) compared to anti-tumult PPE (0.07 (± 0.04)) during the tactical step. It was concluded that PPE weighing more than 30 kg caused changes in the spatial variable stride length. The stride width only changed during the tactical step, possibly because the way the load was carried varied due to the positioning of the rifle in the tactical PPE and the shield in the anti-tumult PPE. In addition, individual adaptations were more prominent about the average curves than group adaptations. Regarding ROM, the knee and ankle joints showed changes due to the increased load, the latter in the tactical step, which had not been studied before. As such, this study provides unprecedented results in analyzing the tactical step and is relevant because of the speeds similar to those used in raids using the PPE provided by the state. Keywords: Three-dimensional kinematics, BOPE, PPE effects, gait, tactical step, trot.
Military police officers from the Special Police Operations Battalion (BOPE) wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), which can weigh up to 40% of their body weight. Research has shown that the excess weight of this equipment can have an impact on biomechanical variables. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze how PPE can affect stride length and width, the three- dimensional displacement of the center of mass, and the angular variables of the trunk, hip, knee, and ankle joints. An optoelectronic system consisting of 10 cameras (360Hz, Optitrack) was used to track the 3D coordinates of 36 retroreflective markers attached to five BOPE police officers. Ten gait cycles were analyzed using a physical education suit (control) and three types of PPE (anti-tumult, tactical actions and anti-bomb). In addition, the control suit and two types of PPE (anti-tumult and tactical actions) were evaluated in the tactical step and trot tasks with the same duration. The results showed significant changes in the average curves with the anti- bomb PPE, with a higher standard deviation than the control in all joints. In the left ankle adduction/abduction curve during the tactical step, the anti-tamper PPE showed less adduction compared to the control. Statistically significant differences were found in the range of motion (ROM). In the left knee during the trot, the use of tactical action PPE (54.69 ± 5.67) caused a significant reduction in flexion/extension compared to the control (60.70 ± 7.9); the right knee, during the same task, showed a significant reduction in flexion/extension during the use of tactical action PPE (59.94 ± 3.83) compared to the control (62.46 ± 6.91). The left ankle showed a statistically significant internal/external rotation difference between the control (10.21 ± 1.55) and the anti-tamper PPE (8.2 ± 1.56). In terms of spatial variables, the length of the right and left stride during walking with the anti-bomb PPE (1.18 (± 0.12)) was significantly less than with the tactical actions PPE (1.42 (± 0.12) and (1.44 (± 0.09)), in agreement with the literature. Stride width was significantly greater when wearing tactical PPE (0.09 (± 0.03)) compared to anti-tumult PPE (0.07 (± 0.04)) during the tactical step. It was concluded that PPE weighing more than 30 kg caused changes in the spatial variable stride length. The stride width only changed during the tactical step, possibly because the way the load was carried varied due to the positioning of the rifle in the tactical PPE and the shield in the anti-tumult PPE. In addition, individual adaptations were more prominent about the average curves than group adaptations. Regarding ROM, the knee and ankle joints showed changes due to the increased load, the latter in the tactical step, which had not been studied before. As such, this study provides unprecedented results in analyzing the tactical step and is relevant because of the speeds similar to those used in raids using the PPE provided by the state. Keywords: Three-dimensional kinematics, BOPE, PPE effects, gait, tactical step, trot.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cinemática, Marcha humana, Alagoas. Polícia Militar. Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais, Equipamento de proteção individual
Citação
LEANDRO, Lucimara Mateus. Efeitos dos diferentes equipamentos de proteção individual, utilizados pelos policiais do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais na cinemática tridimensional da marcha, do passo tático e do trote. 2023. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.