Características químicas de solos da região de Janaúba, MG, irrigados com água de poços tubulares e do rio Gorutuba
Arquivos
Data
2007-09
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
Na região de Janaúba, norte de Minas Gerais, não obstante as altas produtividades alcançadas pela bananicultura da região no contexto de uma agricultura altamente tecnificada, com uso intenso de fertilizantes e controle sistemático de doenças e pragas, são comuns os relatos de produtores expressando preocupação com a queda de produtividade, particularmente quando se irriga com água de poços tubulares. Em razão disso, estudou-se o efeito de águas de irrigação provenientes de poços e do rio Gorutuba sobre propriedades químicas de solos sob bananais, onde foram coletadas amostras até 100 cm de profundidade em áreas adjacentes de sequeiro e irrigadas. Observou-se que o uso de águas de poços, de qualidade marginal, causou elevação do pH e dos teores de Ca2+ e Na+ dos solos, elevando as relações Ca/Mg e Ca/K, que se distanciaram da faixa ideal para a cultura da banana. Nos solos irrigados com água de poços houve aumento dos teores de P extraído com H2SO4, resultante da precipitação do P com o Ca veiculado com a água. Os valores de pH do extrato de saturação do solo foram mais elevados que aqueles registrados na análise de rotina, e a concentração de sais solúveis na solução do solo ocorreu em camadas intermediárias do perfil devido à lixiviação, com destaque para a camada de 30–40 cm dos solos irrigados com água de poços.
In the region of Janaúba, northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, banana yields are high due to the highly technical agriculture of the region, with intensive use of fertilizers and systematic plant disease and pest control. However, farmers frequently report a decline in banana yields, particularly when water from deep wells is used for irrigation. We therefore studied the effect of irrigation water from wells and from the Gorutuba River on soil chemical characteristics of areas with banana cultivation. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 100 cm in adjacent areas with and without irrigation. It was observed that the irrigation water from deep wells is of low quality and resulted in increased pH, Ca2+ and Mg+ levels in the soil. This resulted in high Ca/Mg and Ca/K ratios, which are far above from the optimal range for banana plants. For soils irrigated with water from wells there was an increase of H2SO4 – extractable P as a result of P precipitation with Ca dissolved in water. The pH values of soil saturation extract were higher than the ones obtained during routine analysis. The concentration of soluble salts in soil solution observed within the soil profile at intermediate depths was due to leaching, especially in the 30–40 cm layer of soils irrigated with water deep wells.
In the region of Janaúba, northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, banana yields are high due to the highly technical agriculture of the region, with intensive use of fertilizers and systematic plant disease and pest control. However, farmers frequently report a decline in banana yields, particularly when water from deep wells is used for irrigation. We therefore studied the effect of irrigation water from wells and from the Gorutuba River on soil chemical characteristics of areas with banana cultivation. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 100 cm in adjacent areas with and without irrigation. It was observed that the irrigation water from deep wells is of low quality and resulted in increased pH, Ca2+ and Mg+ levels in the soil. This resulted in high Ca/Mg and Ca/K ratios, which are far above from the optimal range for banana plants. For soils irrigated with water from wells there was an increase of H2SO4 – extractable P as a result of P precipitation with Ca dissolved in water. The pH values of soil saturation extract were higher than the ones obtained during routine analysis. The concentration of soluble salts in soil solution observed within the soil profile at intermediate depths was due to leaching, especially in the 30–40 cm layer of soils irrigated with water deep wells.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade da água, Salinidade, Irrigação da bananeira