Vinhaça como fonte de nutrientes para cultivo de microalgas do filo Chlorophyta
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Estima-se que a população mundial chegue a 11,2 bilhões de habitantes até 2100, este crescente aumento populacional está diretamente relacionado como o aumento na demanda por alimentos, água e energia. Assim, preocupações crescentes em relação às mudanças climáticas e à dependência excessiva em combustíveis fósseis têm direcionado os investimentos e o interesse público para biocombustíveis sustentáveis e renováveis. As microalgas destacam-se com uma fonte promissora para a produção de biocombustíveis porque apresentam altas produtividades de lipídios e carboidratos, excedendo em muito as de culturas convencionais como a soja e a cana-de-açúcar, respectivamente. Entretanto, para a produção de biocombustíveis a partir de microalgas é necessário reduzir os custos de cultivo e produção, a viabilidade comercial pode ser obtida através do cultivo de microalgas em efluentes industriais. Dentre os resíduos agroindustriais produzidos no Brasil, a vinhaça de cana-de- açúcar (VCA) e água residuária de produção de etanol (ARE) destacam-se em função do grande volume gerado, 13 L por 1 L de bioetanol. A VCA e ARE apresentam altas concentrações de macronutrientes que podem ser utilizados pelas microalgas. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o uso da VCA, ARE, vinhaça de cana-de-açucar ozonizada (VCA-O 3 ) e água residuária de produção de etanol (ARE-O3) de como fonte de nutrientes para cultivo de 10 microalgas do filo Chlorophyta visando reduzir o potencial poluidor destes efluentes. Membros da família Scenedesmaceae: Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BR024, Desmodesmus communis BR007 e Chlorella sp. BR054 apresentaram as maiores taxas específicas de crescimento ao serem cultivadas em VCA e ARE com pH ajustado em 7. No entanto, o pH ácido da VCA e ARE apresentou um grande efeito sobre o desempenho do crescimento das linhagens de microalgas. Apenas a linhagem Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 apresentou uma elevada taxa de crescimento quando cultivada em meio à base de ARE com pH ácido de 4,22. Por outro lado, a elevada disponibilidade de nutrientes na VCA e ARE vem acompanhada de características menos favoráveis aos cultivos que podem comprometer a produção de biomassa como por exemplo: elevada carga de material orgânica que favorece a proliferação de bactérias e leveduras, presença de compostos fenólicos (relatados como possíveis inibidores de crescimento). Na segunda etapa do estudo, foi avaliado a ozonização como um pretratamento da VCA e ARE prévio ao cultivo das microalgas S.bajacalifornicus BR024 e Chlorella sp. BR054, que se destacaram ao apresentar as maiores taxas de crescimento no estudo prévios. Estas microalgas foram cultivadas VCA, VCA-O 3 , ARE e ARE-O 3 . Os maiores valores de biomassa, carboidratos e proteínas foram obtidos quando S.bajacalifornicus BR024 e Chlorella sp. BR054 quando cultivadas em VCA e VCA-O 3 . Além disso, o cultivo com as microalgas permitiu uma significativa diminuição da carga poluidora de VCA, ARE, VCA-O 3 , ARE-O 3 . Finalmente, o cultivo da microalga em vinhaça mostra-se uma alternativa promissora, possibilitando reduzir os custos de produção da biomassa microalgal e contribuindo para valoração e melhoria da qualidade deste abundante resíduo da indústria sucroalcooleira. Além disso, é importante ressaltar que o aumento de escala do cultivo é um passo essencial para integrar o cultivo de microalgas ao setor de etanol. No entanto, em cultivos em grande aumentar os parâmetros não poderão ser facilmente controlados, o que tornara indispensável o uso de uma linhagem de microalga que não sejam susceptíveis a vários no meio de cultivo e que seja competitiva contra contaminantes. Consequentemente, este é um grande desafio ao se trabalhar com um meio de cultivo com alta carga orgânica (DBO 5 e DQO) que promove o crescimento de contaminantes heterotróficos
The world population is estimated to reach 11.2 billion by 2100; this growing population increase is directly related to the increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, growing concerns about climate change and over-reliance on fossil fuels have driven investments and the public interest for sustainable and renewable biofuels. Microalgae stand out as a promising source for the production of biofuels because they have high lipid and carbohydrate yields, far exceeding crops such as soybeans and sugarcane respectively. However, for the production of biofuels from microalgae it is necessary to reduce the costs of cultivation and production, a commercial viability can be obtained through the cultivation of microalgae in industrial effluents. The agroindustrial residues produced in Brazil, sugar cane vinasse (VCA) and ethanol production water (ARE) stand out due to the large volume generated, 13 L per 1 L of bioethanol. VCA and ARE have high concentrations of macronutrients that can be used by microalgae. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of VCA, ARE, ozonized sugarcane vinasse (VCA-O3) and wastewater from ethanol production (ARE-O3) as a source of nutrients for cultivation of 10 microalgae phyto Chlorophyta in order to reduce the polluting potential of these effluents. Members of the family Scenedesmaceae: Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BR024, Desmodesmus communis BR007 and Chlorella sp. BR054 presented the highest specific growth rates when cultivated in VCA and ARE with pH adjusted at 7. However, the acid pH of the VCA and ARE showed a great effect on the growth performance of the microalgae strains. Only the Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 showed a high growth rate when cultivated in the AER base medium with acid pH of 4.22. On the other hand, the high availability of nutrients in VCA and ARE is accompanied by less favorable crop characteristics that can compromise the biomass production, such as: high organic matter load that favors the proliferation of bacteria and yeasts, the presence of phenolic compounds (reported as possible growth inhibitors). In the second stage of the study, ozonation was evaluated as a pretreatment of VCA and ARE prior to the cultivation of microbals S.bajacalifornicus BR024 and Chlorella sp. BR054, who stood out with the highest growth rates in the previous study. These microalgae were cultured VCA, VCA-O3, ARE and ARE-O3. The highest values of biomass, carbohydrates and proteins were obtained when S.bajacalifornicus BR024 and Chlorella sp. BR054 when grown in VCA and VCA-O3. In addition, cultivation with microalgae allowed a significant decrease in the pollutant load of VCA, ARE, VCA-O 3 , ARE-O 3 . Finally, the cultivation of microalgae in vinasse shows a promising alternative, making it possible to reduce the production costs of microalgal biomass and contributing to the evaluation and improvement of the quality of this abundant residue of the sugar and alcohol industry. In addition, it is important to note that increasing the scale of the crop is an essential step in integrating microalgae cultivation into the ethanol sector. However, in larger crops the parameters can not be easily controlled, making it indispensable to use a line of microalgae that are not susceptible to several in the culture medium and that is competitive against contaminants. Consequently, this is a great challenge when working with a culture medium with high organic load (BOD 5 and COD) that promotes the growth of heterotrophic contaminants
The world population is estimated to reach 11.2 billion by 2100; this growing population increase is directly related to the increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, growing concerns about climate change and over-reliance on fossil fuels have driven investments and the public interest for sustainable and renewable biofuels. Microalgae stand out as a promising source for the production of biofuels because they have high lipid and carbohydrate yields, far exceeding crops such as soybeans and sugarcane respectively. However, for the production of biofuels from microalgae it is necessary to reduce the costs of cultivation and production, a commercial viability can be obtained through the cultivation of microalgae in industrial effluents. The agroindustrial residues produced in Brazil, sugar cane vinasse (VCA) and ethanol production water (ARE) stand out due to the large volume generated, 13 L per 1 L of bioethanol. VCA and ARE have high concentrations of macronutrients that can be used by microalgae. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of VCA, ARE, ozonized sugarcane vinasse (VCA-O3) and wastewater from ethanol production (ARE-O3) as a source of nutrients for cultivation of 10 microalgae phyto Chlorophyta in order to reduce the polluting potential of these effluents. Members of the family Scenedesmaceae: Scenedesmus bajacalifornicus BR024, Desmodesmus communis BR007 and Chlorella sp. BR054 presented the highest specific growth rates when cultivated in VCA and ARE with pH adjusted at 7. However, the acid pH of the VCA and ARE showed a great effect on the growth performance of the microalgae strains. Only the Chlorella sorokiniana BR001 showed a high growth rate when cultivated in the AER base medium with acid pH of 4.22. On the other hand, the high availability of nutrients in VCA and ARE is accompanied by less favorable crop characteristics that can compromise the biomass production, such as: high organic matter load that favors the proliferation of bacteria and yeasts, the presence of phenolic compounds (reported as possible growth inhibitors). In the second stage of the study, ozonation was evaluated as a pretreatment of VCA and ARE prior to the cultivation of microbals S.bajacalifornicus BR024 and Chlorella sp. BR054, who stood out with the highest growth rates in the previous study. These microalgae were cultured VCA, VCA-O3, ARE and ARE-O3. The highest values of biomass, carbohydrates and proteins were obtained when S.bajacalifornicus BR024 and Chlorella sp. BR054 when grown in VCA and VCA-O3. In addition, cultivation with microalgae allowed a significant decrease in the pollutant load of VCA, ARE, VCA-O 3 , ARE-O 3 . Finally, the cultivation of microalgae in vinasse shows a promising alternative, making it possible to reduce the production costs of microalgal biomass and contributing to the evaluation and improvement of the quality of this abundant residue of the sugar and alcohol industry. In addition, it is important to note that increasing the scale of the crop is an essential step in integrating microalgae cultivation into the ethanol sector. However, in larger crops the parameters can not be easily controlled, making it indispensable to use a line of microalgae that are not susceptible to several in the culture medium and that is competitive against contaminants. Consequently, this is a great challenge when working with a culture medium with high organic load (BOD 5 and COD) that promotes the growth of heterotrophic contaminants
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FALCONÍ HEREDIA, Javier Hernán. Vinhaça como fonte de nutrientes para cultivo de microalgas do filo Chlorophyta. 2019. 75 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2019.
