Kombucha de chá preto: Alteração físico-químicas, microbiológicas e no perfil de fenólicos durante a fermentação, atividade antimalárica e avaliação da vida de prateleira
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Data
2021-05-28
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A kombucha é uma bebida obtida da atividade simbiótica de bactérias e leveduras (SCOBY), utilizando como substrato chá de folhas de Camellia sinensis. Há trabalhos na literatura que demonstram os benefícios para a saúde do consumo de kombucha, principalmente devido a presença de compostos fenólicos. Não foram encontrados estudos sobre as alterações na composição de fenólicos da kombucha de chá preto durante a fermentação, nem sobre o potencial antimalárico do seu consumo, uma propriedade bioativa relacionada com a presença de compostos fenólicos. Além disto, não há estudos que avaliam a vida de prateleira da kombucha de chá preto sob refrigeração. Dessa forma, os objetivos desse trabalho foram, realizar uma revisão da literatura (capítulo 1), avaliar as alterações físico-químicas (acidez total, acidez volátil e pH), microbiológicas (contagem de leveduras, bactérias acéticas e bactérias láticas), a concentração de fenólicos totais, teaflavinas e tearubiginas, e o perfil de fenólicos da kombucha de chá preto durante a fermentação por 10 dias, e o potencial antimalárico da kombucha produzida após 10 dias de fermentação (capítulo 2), além de avaliar as alterações na composição físico-química, microbiológica e bioativa da kombucha de chá preto armazenada a 4 o C por 180 dias (capítulo 3). No estudo de fermentação, foram coletadas amostras de kombucha para análises nos tempos 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 e 10 dias, enquanto no estudo de vida de prateleira foram coletadas amostras nos tempos 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias. No primeiro estudo (capítulo 2), foi observado aumento da acidez com consequente redução do pH durante a fermentação da kombucha. A contagem de leveduras não variou durante o tempo de fermentação, mas a de bactérias acéticas reduziu e de bactérias láticas aumentou. Não houve alterações nas concentrações de fenólicos totais, teaflavinas e tearubiginas durante a fermentação. Por meio da análise de perfil de fenólicos utilizando um UPLC-MS E , foi observado um aumento da abundância relativa total de fenólicos com o tempo de fermentação, com destaque para o aumento da abundância relativa dos ácidos fenólicos. Podemos destacar a degradação com o tempo deflavonoides como (+)-catequina galato, nepetina, hesperidina e catequina 5-O-galato, em detrimento ao aumento dos ácidos fenólicos como ácido gálico, ácido 5-O- galloylquinico, ácido rosmarínico e ácido cinâmico. Além disto, a kombucha de chá preto apresentou atividade antiplasmódica contra as cepas 3D7 (sensível cloroquina) e W2 (resistente cloroquina), o que demonstrou o potencial antimalárico da kombucha. No segundo estudo (capítulo 3), foi demonstrado um aumento na acidez total e volátil com consequente redução do pH durante a vida de prateleira da kombucha de chá preto. Houve também uma redução na contagem de bactérias acéticas, láticas e leveduras. Todas as alterações foram mais pronunciadas nos primeiros 30 dias de armazenamento, devido a presença de substratos residuais no meio. A bebida obedeceu a todos os padrões de identidade e qualidade, exigidos pela instrução normativa nº41 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), durante todo o período de vida de prateleira avaliado. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o processo de fermentação altera a composição físico-química e de compostos fenólicos da kombucha. No estudo da avaliação da vida de prateleira, foi observado que as alterações físico-químicas não comprometem a adequação da bebida com a legislação brasileira, quando armazenada por 180 dias a 4 o C. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para avaliação sensorial da kombucha de chá preto durante a vida de prateleira. Palavras-chave: Camellia sinensis. Compostos fenólicos. UPLC-MS E . Atividade bioativa.
Kombucha is a beverage obtained from the symbiotic activity of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), using as substrates Camellia sinensis leaf tea and sucrose. There are studies in the literature that demonstrate the health benefits of kombucha consumption, mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. No studies were found on the changes in the phenolic composition of black tea kombucha during fermentation, nor on the antimalarial potential of its consumption, a bioactive property related to the presence of phenolic compounds. In addition, there are no studies evaluating the shelf life of black tea kombucha under refrigeration. Thus, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the physicochemical changes (total acidity, volatile acidity and pH), microbiological (yeast, acetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria count), in the concentration of total phenolics, teaflavins and tearubigins, and in the phenolic profile of black tea kombucha during fermentation for 10 days, and the antimalarial potential of the kombucha produced after 10 days of fermentation (chapter 2), besides to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive composition of the black tea kombucha stored at 4 o C for 180 days (chapter 3). In the fermentation study, samples of kombucha were collected for analysis at times 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 days, whereas in the study of shelf life, samples were collected at times 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. In the first study (chapter 2), an increase in acidity was observed, with a consequent reduction in pH during the fermentation of black tea kombucha. The yeast count did not vary during the fermentation time, but the count of acetic bacteria decreased and lactic acid bacteria count increased. There were no changes in the concentrations of total phenolics, theaflavins and thearubigins during fermentation. Through the analysis of the phenolic profile using an UPLC-MS E , an increase in the total relative abundance of phenolics was observed with the fermentation time, with emphasis on the increase in the relative abundance of phenolic acids. We can highlight the degradation over time of flavonoids such as (+) - catechin gallate, nepetin, hesperidin and catechin 5-O-gallate, to the detriment of the increasein phenolic acids such as gallic acid, 5-O-Galloylquinic acid, rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid. In addition, black tea kombucha presented antiplasmodic activity against strains 3D7 (sensitive chloroquine) and W2 (resistant to chloroquine), which demonstrated the antimalarial potential of kombucha. In the second study (chapter 3), it was observed an increase in total and volatile acidity, with a consequent reduction in pH during the shelf life of the black tea kombucha. Moreover, there was a reduction in the count of acetic, lactic and yeast bacteria. All changes were more pronounced in the first 30 days of storage, due to the presence of residual substrates in the medium. The beverage followed all the identity and quality standards, required by normative instruction nº41 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), during the entire shelf life period evaluated. Thus, it can be concluded that the fermentation process alters the physicochemical and phenolic compounds composition of the black tea kombucha and that the phenolic compounds present in the beverage have great bioactive potential. In the study of the shelf life evaluation, it was observed that the physicochemical changes do not compromise the adequacy of the beverage with the Brazilian regulation, when stored for 180 days at 4 o C. However, further studies are needed for sensory evaluation of black tea kombucha during shelf life. Keywords: Camellia sinensis. Phenolic compounds. Shelf life. Bioactive activity.
Kombucha is a beverage obtained from the symbiotic activity of bacteria and yeasts (SCOBY), using as substrates Camellia sinensis leaf tea and sucrose. There are studies in the literature that demonstrate the health benefits of kombucha consumption, mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. No studies were found on the changes in the phenolic composition of black tea kombucha during fermentation, nor on the antimalarial potential of its consumption, a bioactive property related to the presence of phenolic compounds. In addition, there are no studies evaluating the shelf life of black tea kombucha under refrigeration. Thus, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the physicochemical changes (total acidity, volatile acidity and pH), microbiological (yeast, acetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria count), in the concentration of total phenolics, teaflavins and tearubigins, and in the phenolic profile of black tea kombucha during fermentation for 10 days, and the antimalarial potential of the kombucha produced after 10 days of fermentation (chapter 2), besides to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive composition of the black tea kombucha stored at 4 o C for 180 days (chapter 3). In the fermentation study, samples of kombucha were collected for analysis at times 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10 days, whereas in the study of shelf life, samples were collected at times 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. In the first study (chapter 2), an increase in acidity was observed, with a consequent reduction in pH during the fermentation of black tea kombucha. The yeast count did not vary during the fermentation time, but the count of acetic bacteria decreased and lactic acid bacteria count increased. There were no changes in the concentrations of total phenolics, theaflavins and thearubigins during fermentation. Through the analysis of the phenolic profile using an UPLC-MS E , an increase in the total relative abundance of phenolics was observed with the fermentation time, with emphasis on the increase in the relative abundance of phenolic acids. We can highlight the degradation over time of flavonoids such as (+) - catechin gallate, nepetin, hesperidin and catechin 5-O-gallate, to the detriment of the increasein phenolic acids such as gallic acid, 5-O-Galloylquinic acid, rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid. In addition, black tea kombucha presented antiplasmodic activity against strains 3D7 (sensitive chloroquine) and W2 (resistant to chloroquine), which demonstrated the antimalarial potential of kombucha. In the second study (chapter 3), it was observed an increase in total and volatile acidity, with a consequent reduction in pH during the shelf life of the black tea kombucha. Moreover, there was a reduction in the count of acetic, lactic and yeast bacteria. All changes were more pronounced in the first 30 days of storage, due to the presence of residual substrates in the medium. The beverage followed all the identity and quality standards, required by normative instruction nº41 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), during the entire shelf life period evaluated. Thus, it can be concluded that the fermentation process alters the physicochemical and phenolic compounds composition of the black tea kombucha and that the phenolic compounds present in the beverage have great bioactive potential. In the study of the shelf life evaluation, it was observed that the physicochemical changes do not compromise the adequacy of the beverage with the Brazilian regulation, when stored for 180 days at 4 o C. However, further studies are needed for sensory evaluation of black tea kombucha during shelf life. Keywords: Camellia sinensis. Phenolic compounds. Shelf life. Bioactive activity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Camellia sinensis, Atividade biológica, Compostos fenólicos
Citação
NORONHA, Marcel Cardoso de. Kombucha de chá preto: Alteração físico-químicas, microbiológicas e no perfil de fenólicos durante a fermentação, atividade antimalárica e avaliação da vida de prateleira. 2021. 105 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.