Síntese e avaliação da atividade herbicida de amidas e epóxidos derivados do ácido (2E,4E)-hexa- 2,4-dienóico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Diante do amplo potencial biológico das amidas e de seus derivados, pesquisas buscam desenvolver novos compostos a partir dessa função orgânica. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar amidas e epóxidos derivadas do ácido sórbico e, posteriormente, submetê-las a avaliação da suas atividades herbicidas. Primeiramente, a obtenção das amidas deu-se a partir da conversão do ácido sórbico em cloreto de ácido, por meio do tratamento com cloreto de tionila. Em seguida, o cloreto de acila formado foi reagido com diferentes fenilaminas para obtenção das hexa-2,4-dienamidas desejadas: (2E,4E)-N-(fenil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM- 1), (2E,4E)-N-(4-metilfenil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM-2), (2E,4E)-N-(4-fluorofenil)exa-2,4- dienamida (AM-3), (2E,4E)-N-(2-naftil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM-4), (2E,4E)-N-(4- nitrofenil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM-5), (2E,4E)-N-(4-bromofenil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM-6), (2E,4E)-N-(4-metoxifenil)exa-2,4-dienamida (AM-7) e (2E,4E)-N-(4-iodofenil)exa-2,4- dienamida (AM-8), com rendimentos que variaram de 74 a 90%. Após a obtenção das amidas, AM-1, AM-2, AM-3, AM-4, AM-6 e AM-7 foram submetidas a reação de epoxidação, por meio da adição do ácido meta-cloroperbenzóico em diclorometano para obtenção de seis derivados das amidas com rendimentos que variaram de 55% a 83%. Essa reação foi seletiva ocorrendo a formação do epóxido na dupla ligação do carbono 4 e 5 como produto majoritário. Todos os compostos sintetizados foram caracterizados por espectroscopia no infravermelho, espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN de 1 H) e de carbono 13 (RMN de 13 C), espectrometria de massas e temperatura de fusão. A atividade herbicida dos 15 compostos sintetizados foram avaliadas in vitro sobre a capacidade de estímulo ou inibição do crescimento da parte aérea e radicular de sementes monocotiledôneas, cebola (Allium cepa) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor), e dicotiledôneas, pepino (Cucumis sativus), alface (Lactuca sativa) e picão-preto (Bidens pilosa), sendo suas atividades comparadas ao herbicida comercial (Dual Gold). Analisando os resultados do ensaio, todas as substâncias interferiram na germinação das sementes, porém AM-3, AM-4, EP-2 ((±)-(E)-N-(4-metilfenil)-3-((2R,3R)-3-metiloxiran-2- il)acrilamida), EP-6 ((±)-(E)-N-(4-bromofenil)-3-((2R,3R)-3-metiloxiran-2-il)acrilamida) e EP-7 ((±)-(E)-N-(4-metoxifenil)-3-((2R,3R)-3-metiloxiran-2-il)acrilamida) foram as que apresentaram melhores resultados. A presença do substituinte flúor (AM-3) na posição para do anel benzênico e o grupo naftil (AM-4) foram de grande importância na toxicidade para as sementes testadas. Além disso, a inserção do grupo epóxido em AM-2, AM-6 e AM-7 aumentaram a toxicidade das moléculas comparando com as estruturas sintetizadas nas etapas anteriores. Portanto, os resultados demonstram que o átomo de flúor, oxigênio e o naftil interagem com sítios ativos das plantas impedindo seu desenvolvimento. Palavras-chave: Amidas. Epóxidos. Atividade herbicida. Ácido (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dieóico.
In view of the ample biological potential of amides and their derivatives, research seeks to develop new compounds based on this organic function. Thus, the present work aimed to synthesize amides and epoxides derived from sorbic acid and, subsequently, to subject them to evaluation of their herbicidal activities. First, the amides were obtained from the conversion of sorbic acid to acid chloride, through treatment with thionyl chloride. Then, the formed acyl chloride was reacted with different phenylamines to obtain the desired hexa-2,4-dienamides: (2E,4E)-N-(phenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-1), (2E,4E)-N-(4-methylphenyl)hexa-2,4- dienamide (AM-2), (2E, 4E)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-3) , (2E,4E)-N-(2- naphthyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-4), (2E,4E)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM- 5), (2E, 4E)-N-(4-bromophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-6), (2E,4E)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl) hexa-2,4-dienamide ( AM-7) and (2E,4E)-N-(4-iodophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-8), with yields ranging from 74 to 90%. After obtaining the amides, AM-1, AM-2, AM-3, AM-4, AM- 6 and AM-7 were subjected to an epoxidation reaction, through the addition of meta- chloroperbenzoic acid in dichloromethane to obtain six amide derivatives with yields ranging from 55% to 83%. This reaction was selective, with the formation of epoxide in the double bond of carbon 4 and 5 as the major product. All synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and carbon 13 ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and fusion temperature. The herbicidal activity of the 15 synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro on the ability to stimulate or inhibit the growth of aerial and root parts of monocot seeds, onion (Allium cepa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and dicot seeds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), their activities being compared to the commercial herbicide (Dual Gold). Analyzing the test results, all substances interfered with seed germination, however AM-3, AM-4, EP-2 ((±)- EP-6 (E)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide), bromophenyl)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide) and EP-7 ((±)-(E)-N-(4- ((±)-(E)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide) were the ones that showed the best results. The presence of the fluorine substituent (AM-3) in the para position of the benzene ring and the naphthyl group (AM-4) were of great importance in the toxicity for the tested seeds. In addition, the insertion of the epoxide group in AM-2, AM-6 and AM-7 increased the toxicity of the molecules compared to the structures synthesized in the previous steps. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the fluorine, oxygen and naphthyl atom interact with active plant sites preventing their development. Keywords: Amides. Epoxides. Herbicidal activity. (2E,4E) hexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
In view of the ample biological potential of amides and their derivatives, research seeks to develop new compounds based on this organic function. Thus, the present work aimed to synthesize amides and epoxides derived from sorbic acid and, subsequently, to subject them to evaluation of their herbicidal activities. First, the amides were obtained from the conversion of sorbic acid to acid chloride, through treatment with thionyl chloride. Then, the formed acyl chloride was reacted with different phenylamines to obtain the desired hexa-2,4-dienamides: (2E,4E)-N-(phenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-1), (2E,4E)-N-(4-methylphenyl)hexa-2,4- dienamide (AM-2), (2E, 4E)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-3) , (2E,4E)-N-(2- naphthyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-4), (2E,4E)-N-(4-nitrophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM- 5), (2E, 4E)-N-(4-bromophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-6), (2E,4E)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl) hexa-2,4-dienamide ( AM-7) and (2E,4E)-N-(4-iodophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (AM-8), with yields ranging from 74 to 90%. After obtaining the amides, AM-1, AM-2, AM-3, AM-4, AM- 6 and AM-7 were subjected to an epoxidation reaction, through the addition of meta- chloroperbenzoic acid in dichloromethane to obtain six amide derivatives with yields ranging from 55% to 83%. This reaction was selective, with the formation of epoxide in the double bond of carbon 4 and 5 as the major product. All synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and carbon 13 ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and fusion temperature. The herbicidal activity of the 15 synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro on the ability to stimulate or inhibit the growth of aerial and root parts of monocot seeds, onion (Allium cepa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and dicot seeds, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and beggarticks (Bidens pilosa), their activities being compared to the commercial herbicide (Dual Gold). Analyzing the test results, all substances interfered with seed germination, however AM-3, AM-4, EP-2 ((±)- EP-6 (E)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide), bromophenyl)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide) and EP-7 ((±)-(E)-N-(4- ((±)-(E)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide) were the ones that showed the best results. The presence of the fluorine substituent (AM-3) in the para position of the benzene ring and the naphthyl group (AM-4) were of great importance in the toxicity for the tested seeds. In addition, the insertion of the epoxide group in AM-2, AM-6 and AM-7 increased the toxicity of the molecules compared to the structures synthesized in the previous steps. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the fluorine, oxygen and naphthyl atom interact with active plant sites preventing their development. Keywords: Amides. Epoxides. Herbicidal activity. (2E,4E) hexa-2,4-dienoic acid.
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RAMOS, Danielle Soares. Síntese e avaliação da atividade herbicida de amidas e epóxidos derivados do ácido (2E,4E)-hexa- 2,4-dienóico. 2020. 150 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
