Mudanças climáticas: riscos e oportunidades no contexto corporativo das empresas brasileiras de base florestal
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As mudanças climáticas têm gerado impactos significativos e pressões para que empresas adotem práticas mais sustentáveis e transparentes. Nesse contexto, o relato de riscos e oportunidades climáticas tornou-se essencial, especialmente para empresas de setores vulneráveis e estratégicos, como o florestal. No Brasil, embora haja avanços regulatórios e maior demanda por transparência, o nível de divulgação ainda é limitado. A falta de conhecimento sobre riscos e oportunidades climáticos pode comprometer a resiliência das empresas diante de eventos extremos e outros impactos. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar os relatos climáticos de empresas brasileiras do setor de base florestal, com foco na identificação dos principais riscos e oportunidades, além da avaliação de métricas, metas, ações de mitigação e adaptação e do grau de maturidade das divulgações. A pesquisa foi conduzida com base em dados públicos disponibilizados por empresas associadas à Indústria Brasileira de Árvores (IBÁ), por meio de documentos como relatórios de sustentabilidade e respostas ao questionário do Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), em seus anos mais recentes, 2023 ou 2024. Para padronização de informações, foi utilizando como referência os conceitos trazidos pela Força-Tarefa sobre Divulgações Financeiras Relacionadas ao Clima (TCFD). Os resultados revelam que, embora haja um avanço no reconhecimento dos riscos e oportunidades climáticas, os relatos ainda apresentam baixo grau de integração com a estratégia corporativa, além de lacunas de consistência, detalhamento e alinhamento a frameworks internacionais. A maturidade do reporte climático no setor é, em geral, limitada, refletindo uma abordagem ainda reativa e pouco estruturada. Por fim, entende-se que o fortalecimento da divulgação climática requer a incorporação efetiva do tema à governança das empresas, além de maior articulação entre diagnóstico de riscos e oportunidades, metas e ações de mitigação e adaptação, como caminho para ampliar a resiliência frente à transição para uma economia de baixo carbono. Palavras-chave: sustentabilidade corporativa; relatos corporativos; maturidade de divulgação climática; governança climática
Climate change has generated significant impacts and pressures for companies to adopt more sustainable and transparent practices. In this context, reporting on climate risks and opportunities has become essential, especially for companies in vulnerable and strategic sectors, such as forestry. In Brazil, despite regulatory advances and increased demand for transparency, the level of disclosure remains limited. A lack of knowledge about climate risks and opportunities can compromise companies' resilience to extreme events and other impacts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the climate reporting of Brazilian companies in the forestry sector, focusing on identifying the main risks and opportunities, as well as assessing metrics, targets, mitigation and adaptation actions, and the degree of disclosure maturity. The research was conducted based on public data provided by companies associated with the Brazilian Tree Industry (IBÁ), including documents such as sustainability reports and responses to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) questionnaire, in their most recent years, 2023 or 2024. To standardize information, the concepts proposed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) were used as a reference. The results reveal that, although there has been progress in recognizing climate risks and opportunities, reporting still lacks a degree of integration with corporate strategy, as well as gaps in consistency, detail, and alignment with international frameworks. The maturity of climate reporting in the sector is generally limited, reflecting a still reactive and poorly structured approach. Finally, it is understood that strengthening climate disclosure requires the effective incorporation of the topic into corporate governance, as well as greater coordination between risk and opportunity assessments, targets, and mitigation and adaptation actions, as a path to increasing resilience in the face of the transition to a low-carbon economy. Keywords: corporate sustainability; corporate disclosure; climate disclosure maturity; climate governance
Climate change has generated significant impacts and pressures for companies to adopt more sustainable and transparent practices. In this context, reporting on climate risks and opportunities has become essential, especially for companies in vulnerable and strategic sectors, such as forestry. In Brazil, despite regulatory advances and increased demand for transparency, the level of disclosure remains limited. A lack of knowledge about climate risks and opportunities can compromise companies' resilience to extreme events and other impacts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the climate reporting of Brazilian companies in the forestry sector, focusing on identifying the main risks and opportunities, as well as assessing metrics, targets, mitigation and adaptation actions, and the degree of disclosure maturity. The research was conducted based on public data provided by companies associated with the Brazilian Tree Industry (IBÁ), including documents such as sustainability reports and responses to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) questionnaire, in their most recent years, 2023 or 2024. To standardize information, the concepts proposed by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) were used as a reference. The results reveal that, although there has been progress in recognizing climate risks and opportunities, reporting still lacks a degree of integration with corporate strategy, as well as gaps in consistency, detail, and alignment with international frameworks. The maturity of climate reporting in the sector is generally limited, reflecting a still reactive and poorly structured approach. Finally, it is understood that strengthening climate disclosure requires the effective incorporation of the topic into corporate governance, as well as greater coordination between risk and opportunity assessments, targets, and mitigation and adaptation actions, as a path to increasing resilience in the face of the transition to a low-carbon economy. Keywords: corporate sustainability; corporate disclosure; climate disclosure maturity; climate governance
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TÔRRES, Vitória Galinari. Mudanças climáticas: riscos e oportunidades no contexto corporativo das empresas brasileiras de base florestal. 2025. 72 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
