Ferrugem do cafeeiro: comparação de métodos de inoculação e avaliação da resistência de genótipos de Coffea arabica a Hemileia vastatrix
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A ferrugem do cafeeiro, causada por Hemileia vastatrix, é uma das principais problemas fitossanitários da cafeicultura. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes e a adoção de métodos eficientes de fenotipagem são fundamentais para estratégias sustentáveis de manejo e melhoramento genético. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar e otimizar métodos de inoculação quanto à eficiência, reprodutibilidade e preservação do tecido vegetal, bem como caracterizar a resistência de cultivares de Coffea arabica frente às duas raças fisiológicas do patógeno. Compararam-se diferentes técnicas de inoculação, desde a utilização do auxílio do pincel para espalhar os urredosporos sob o tecido foliar e a suspensão de uredosporos, com e sem Tween, em discos de folhas, folhas destacadas e em mudas. Nas inoculações em mudas, em todas as avaliações, a suspensão de esporos foi mais eficiente, apresentando maior frequência de mudas com sintomas e sinais em comparação ao pincel (P < 0,05). Aos 42 DPI, 85,7% das mudas inoculadas por suspensão já exibiam esporulação, enquanto menos da metade das inoculadas com pincel apresentaram sinais do patógeno. Para os ensaios com discos foliares e folhas destacadas, a inoculação com suspensão de uredosporos, contendo Tween, aplicada em discos foliares mostrou-se a mais eficaz, apresentando maior taxa de infecção, esporulação e melhor conservação do tecido, sendo a mais indicada para estudos de fenotipagem em condições controladas. A caracterização da resistência das 38 cultivares frente às raças II e XXXIII, por meio de análise multivariada, foi possível observar o agrupamento das cultivares em quatro categorias: altamente suscetíveis, suscetíveis, moderadamente resistentes e resistentes. A maioria das cultivares foi classificada como resistente à ferrugem, para raça II e XXXIII. Os resultados deste trabalho fornecem subsídios técnico-científicos relevantes para a seleção de genótipos superiores e para a padronização de protocolos experimentais em programas de melhoramento voltados à resistência à ferrugem-do-cafeeiro. Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica; Fenotipagem; Resistência a doenças; Cultivares Resistentes à Ferrugem
Coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is one of the main phytosanitary limitations of coffee production. In this context, the development of resistant cultivars and the adoption of efficient phenotyping methods are essential for sustainable management and breeding strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize inoculation methods in terms of efficiency, reproducibility, and preservation of plant tissue, as well as to characterize the resistance of Coffea arabica cultivars against two physiological races of the pathogen. Different inoculation techniques were compared, including the use of a camel brush to spread urediniospores on leaf tissue and the spray of urediniospore suspensions, with and without Tween, either on leaf discs or detached leaves, and in coffee seedlings. In seedling inoculations, across all evaluations, the spore suspension method was more efficient, showing a higher frequency of seedlings with symptoms and signs compared to the brush method (P < 0.05). At 42 days post-inoculation, 85.7% of the seedlings inoculated using the spore suspension already exhibited signs of the pathogen, while less than half of those inoculated with a brush showed any sporulation. For assays using leaf discs and detached leaves, inoculation with a urediniospore suspension containing Tween, applied onto leaf discs, proved to be the most effective, presenting higher infection and sporulation rates and better tissue preservation, making it the most suitable method for phenotyping studies under controlled conditions. The characterization of resistance among the 38 cultivars to races II and XXXIII, through multivariate analysis, revealed the grouping of cultivars into four categories: highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant. Most cultivars were classified as resistant to rust for both race II and race XXXIII. The results of this study provide relevant technical and scientific support for the selectio n of superior genotypes and for the standardization of experimental protocols in breeding programs aimed at resistance to coffee leaf rust. Keywords: Coffea arabica; Phenotyping; Genetic resistance to plant diseases; Resistant cultivar to coffee leaf rust
Coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is one of the main phytosanitary limitations of coffee production. In this context, the development of resistant cultivars and the adoption of efficient phenotyping methods are essential for sustainable management and breeding strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize inoculation methods in terms of efficiency, reproducibility, and preservation of plant tissue, as well as to characterize the resistance of Coffea arabica cultivars against two physiological races of the pathogen. Different inoculation techniques were compared, including the use of a camel brush to spread urediniospores on leaf tissue and the spray of urediniospore suspensions, with and without Tween, either on leaf discs or detached leaves, and in coffee seedlings. In seedling inoculations, across all evaluations, the spore suspension method was more efficient, showing a higher frequency of seedlings with symptoms and signs compared to the brush method (P < 0.05). At 42 days post-inoculation, 85.7% of the seedlings inoculated using the spore suspension already exhibited signs of the pathogen, while less than half of those inoculated with a brush showed any sporulation. For assays using leaf discs and detached leaves, inoculation with a urediniospore suspension containing Tween, applied onto leaf discs, proved to be the most effective, presenting higher infection and sporulation rates and better tissue preservation, making it the most suitable method for phenotyping studies under controlled conditions. The characterization of resistance among the 38 cultivars to races II and XXXIII, through multivariate analysis, revealed the grouping of cultivars into four categories: highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant. Most cultivars were classified as resistant to rust for both race II and race XXXIII. The results of this study provide relevant technical and scientific support for the selectio n of superior genotypes and for the standardization of experimental protocols in breeding programs aimed at resistance to coffee leaf rust. Keywords: Coffea arabica; Phenotyping; Genetic resistance to plant diseases; Resistant cultivar to coffee leaf rust
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VIEIRA, Iago de Carvalho. Ferrugem do cafeeiro: Comparação de métodos de inoculação e avaliação da resistência de genótipos de Coffea arabica a Hemileia vastatrix. 2025. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
