Simulação do ataque de formigas cortadeiras e seus efeitos no crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de desfolhamentos sucessivos no crescimento em diâmetro e altura e na sobrevivência de árvores de E. grandis, durante a fase de estabelecimento do plantio, em dois sitios florestais situados no Extremo Sul do Estado da Bahia. Para tal, optou-se pelo método de simulação de desfolhas. O experimento foi conduzido com um total de 1.680 árvores, que foram avaliadas em sete ocasiões, entre os 12º e 24º meses após o plantio. Durante esse período foram aplicadas desfolhas manuais de diferentes níveis, variando-se a intensidade do desfolhamento (total ou parcial), o número de desfolhas (uma ou duas) e, no caso da simulação de duas desfolhas sucessivas, variou-se também o tempo decorrido entre essas (75 ou 150 dias). Os valores observados no crescimento em diâmetro, altura e área basal das árvores desfolhadas foram comparados entre si, de acordo com o tratamento e com OS valores observados nas árvores não- desfolhadas, através de análises de variância e teste tukey (p< 0,05). Efetuou- se também esse tipo de análise nos valores da relação altura/diâmetro, em três ocasiões durante o período de estudo. As desfolhas sucessivas causaram alterações significativas na forma da árvore. O crescimento em diâmetro foi mais afetado que o crescimento em altura nas duas áreas estudadas. As árvores no sitio de pior qualidade de solo (Juerana) tiveram maiores perdas no crescimento em altura (9 a 54%, dependendo do nível de desfolha) que aquelas em sítio de melhor qualidade de solo (5 a 41%, dependendo do nível de desfolha), em todos os tratamentos aplicados. A perda no crescimento em diâmetro foi maior (de 4 a 7%) em Juerana, exceto nos tratamentos com dois desfolhamentos completos da árvore, que levaram a perdas mais elevadas (58 a 64%), porém, com valores muito próximos em ambos os sítios. A perda no crescimento em área basal foi maior na área de Juerana, apenas nas árvores submetidas a um desfolhamento parcial ou total. Nos tratamentos envolvendo desfolhas sucessivas, as perdas percentuais observadas foram semelhantes nas duas áreas, variando de 32 a 35% nos tratamentos de desfolhas parciais e de 70 a 75% nos tratamentos de desfolhas totais, dependendo do sítio. A execução de duas desfolhas totais, sucessivas, não foi capaz de causar a morte de árvores. Provou-se que os desfolhamentos contribuem para o aumento da desuniformidade do povoamento, dependendo da intensidade e do número de desfolhas.
The aim of this research was to assess the effects of succesive defoliations upon the height and diameter growth and the survival of young clonal stands of Eucalyptus grandis, during the establishment period, at two sites located at the State of Bahia. It was decided to use the defoliations simulation metod. The experiment envolved 1680 trees, wich was mesured seven times, between the 12º and the 24º months. During this period, it was carried out manual defoliations, at different levels, changing the intensity of defoliation (total or partial), the number of defoliations per year (one or two) and, in the cases of two successive defoliations, it was changed the time elapsed between them (75 or 150 days). Observed values of diameter, height and basal area growth for defoliated and control trees was compared by a variance analysis and tukey's significance test (p<0,05). This analysis was also applied to the values of the height/diameter index, observed in three occasions, during the evaluation year. Successive defoliations lead to significant changes on the trees form. The diameter growth was more severely affected than the height growth, at both sites. The trees on the poor site (Juerana) showed up greater losses on height growth (9 to 54%, depending of the defoliation level) than those on the best site (5 to 41%, depending of the defoliation level), for all the teatments applied. The diameter growth lost was 4 to 7% greater in Juerana, except for treatments involving two complete defoliations, wich lead to bigger losses, from 58 to 64%, but with close values for both the sites. The basal area growth lost was greater at Juerana site, only for trees subjected to one defoliation, complete or partial. For treatments involving successive defoliations, the percentual lost was close at both sites, ranging from 32 to 35% for treatments of partial defoliations and from 70 to 75% for treatments of complete defoliations, depending on the site. Even the performance of two complete defoliations was not able to cause tree death. It was demonstrated that defoliations contribute to increase stands heterogenity, according to the intensity and number of defoliations.
The aim of this research was to assess the effects of succesive defoliations upon the height and diameter growth and the survival of young clonal stands of Eucalyptus grandis, during the establishment period, at two sites located at the State of Bahia. It was decided to use the defoliations simulation metod. The experiment envolved 1680 trees, wich was mesured seven times, between the 12º and the 24º months. During this period, it was carried out manual defoliations, at different levels, changing the intensity of defoliation (total or partial), the number of defoliations per year (one or two) and, in the cases of two successive defoliations, it was changed the time elapsed between them (75 or 150 days). Observed values of diameter, height and basal area growth for defoliated and control trees was compared by a variance analysis and tukey's significance test (p<0,05). This analysis was also applied to the values of the height/diameter index, observed in three occasions, during the evaluation year. Successive defoliations lead to significant changes on the trees form. The diameter growth was more severely affected than the height growth, at both sites. The trees on the poor site (Juerana) showed up greater losses on height growth (9 to 54%, depending of the defoliation level) than those on the best site (5 to 41%, depending of the defoliation level), for all the teatments applied. The diameter growth lost was 4 to 7% greater in Juerana, except for treatments involving two complete defoliations, wich lead to bigger losses, from 58 to 64%, but with close values for both the sites. The basal area growth lost was greater at Juerana site, only for trees subjected to one defoliation, complete or partial. For treatments involving successive defoliations, the percentual lost was close at both sites, ranging from 32 to 35% for treatments of partial defoliations and from 70 to 75% for treatments of complete defoliations, depending on the site. Even the performance of two complete defoliations was not able to cause tree death. It was demonstrated that defoliations contribute to increase stands heterogenity, according to the intensity and number of defoliations.
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SILVA, Moacyr Araújo. Simulação do ataque de formigas cortadeiras e seus efeitos no crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis. 1998. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 1998.
