Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade catalítica de sais fosfomolibdatos de Keggin em reações de valorização de álcoois terpênicos, benzaldeído e ácido levulínico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Foram sintetizados sais fosfomolibdatos de Keggin de fórmula geral M3/nPMo12O40 (Mn+ = Al3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+e Zn2+), os quais foram caracterizados por análises espectroscópicas de difração de raios-X em pó, de dispersão de raios-X, de absorção na região do infravermelho, Raman, de absorção molecular na região do ultravioleta e visível, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, titulação potenciométrica e voltametria cíclica. As análises mencionadas comprovaram que os sais foram sintetizados com sucesso, preservando sua estrutura original mesmo após a troca dos prótons por cátions metálicos. Os materiais produzidos tiveram sua atividade catalítica avaliada em três reações; esterificação do ácido levulínico, oxidação de álcoois terpênicos e esterificação oxidativa do benzaldeído com peróxido de hidrogênio. Os substratos utilizados nesses processos têm origem renovável e estão presentes em vários compostos naturais. As reações desenvolvidas visam a obtenção de compostos de maior valor agregado, tais como ésteres e epóxidos, importantes para síntese de fármacos e cosméticos. O nerol, um álcool terpênico altamente funcionalizado foi utilizado como modelo dos testes. Dentre os catalisadores produzidos, o sal AlPMo12O40 foi mais ativo e seletivo, atingindo conversões do nerol de praticamente 100 % com seletividade superior a 70% para o 2,3-epoxinerol, nas melhores condições avaliadas. No caso do ácido levulínico, foram testados os catalisadores sintetizados neste trabalho, obtendo-se altas conversões e excelentes seletividades para o metil levulinato e butil levulinato, principais produtos desejados nesse processo. Os resultados foram obtidos com uso do AlPMo12O40 e FeMo12O40. Adicionalmente, sais fosfomolibdovanadatos de césio produzidos pelo LabCat foram avaliados, dentre os quais destacou-se o Cs4PMo11VO40. Na esterificação oxidativa do benzaldeído, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com uso de silicotungstatos metálicos, obtendo-se 96,8 % de conversão e 94,9 % de seletividade para o benzoato de metila, com uso de Cu2SiW12O40. Em todos os casos foram avaliados os principais parâmetros de reação, como o tipo e quantidade de catalisador, temperatura, estequiometria dos reagentes e tipo de solvente. Palavras-chave: nerol; benzaldeído; ácido levulínico; heteropolissais de Keggin.
Keggin phosphomolybdate salts with the general M3/nPMo12O40 (Mn+= Al3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+) were synthesized and characterized byspectroscopic analyses including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering, infrared absorption, Raman spectroscopy, molecular absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions, scanning electron microscopy, potentiometric titration, and cyclic voltammetry. These analyses confirmed that the salts were successfully synthesized, preserving their original structure even after the replacement of protons with metallic cations. The catalytic activity of the produced materials was evaluated in three reactions: esterification of levulinic acid, oxidation of terpenic alcohols, and oxidative esterification of benzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide. The substrates used in these processes are of renewable origin and are present in various natural compounds. The reactions developed aim to obtain higher value-added compounds, such as esters and epoxides, important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and cosmetics. Nerol, a highly functionalized terpene alcohol, was selected as the model alcohol for the tests. Among the catalysts produced, the AlPMo12O40 salt was the most active and selective, achieving nerol conversions of practically 100% with selectivity greater than 70% for 2,3-epoxynerol, under the best conditions evaluated. In the case of levulinic acid, catalysts synthesized in this work were tested, obtaining high conversions and excellent selectivities for methyl levulinate and butyl levulinate, the main products desired in this process. The results were obtained using AlPMo12O40 and FeMo12O40. Additionally, salts of phosphomolybdovanadate of cesium, also produced in the LabCat, were evaluated, among which, Cs4PMo11VO40 was highlighted. In the oxidative esterification of benzaldehyde, the best results were obtained using metallic silicotungstates, obtaining 96.8 % conversion and 94.9 % selectivity for methyl benzoate, using Cu2SiW12O40. In all cases, the main reaction parameters were evaluated, such as the type and quantity of catalyst, temperature, stoichiometry of the reagents, and type of solvent. Keywords: nerol; benzaldehyde; levulinic acid; Keggin heteropolysalts.
Keggin phosphomolybdate salts with the general M3/nPMo12O40 (Mn+= Al3+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ e Zn2+) were synthesized and characterized byspectroscopic analyses including powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering, infrared absorption, Raman spectroscopy, molecular absorption in the ultraviolet and visible regions, scanning electron microscopy, potentiometric titration, and cyclic voltammetry. These analyses confirmed that the salts were successfully synthesized, preserving their original structure even after the replacement of protons with metallic cations. The catalytic activity of the produced materials was evaluated in three reactions: esterification of levulinic acid, oxidation of terpenic alcohols, and oxidative esterification of benzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide. The substrates used in these processes are of renewable origin and are present in various natural compounds. The reactions developed aim to obtain higher value-added compounds, such as esters and epoxides, important for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and cosmetics. Nerol, a highly functionalized terpene alcohol, was selected as the model alcohol for the tests. Among the catalysts produced, the AlPMo12O40 salt was the most active and selective, achieving nerol conversions of practically 100% with selectivity greater than 70% for 2,3-epoxynerol, under the best conditions evaluated. In the case of levulinic acid, catalysts synthesized in this work were tested, obtaining high conversions and excellent selectivities for methyl levulinate and butyl levulinate, the main products desired in this process. The results were obtained using AlPMo12O40 and FeMo12O40. Additionally, salts of phosphomolybdovanadate of cesium, also produced in the LabCat, were evaluated, among which, Cs4PMo11VO40 was highlighted. In the oxidative esterification of benzaldehyde, the best results were obtained using metallic silicotungstates, obtaining 96.8 % conversion and 94.9 % selectivity for methyl benzoate, using Cu2SiW12O40. In all cases, the main reaction parameters were evaluated, such as the type and quantity of catalyst, temperature, stoichiometry of the reagents, and type of solvent. Keywords: nerol; benzaldehyde; levulinic acid; Keggin heteropolysalts.
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Keywords
Polioxometalatos – Catálise, Catálise ácida heterogênea, Catalisadores – Síntese e caracterização, Álcoois terpênicos – Oxidação, Ácido levulínico – Esterificação catalítica, Esterificação – Catálise, Epoxidação – Álcoois terpênicos, Benzaldeído – Esterificação oxidativa, Biomassa – Valorização química, Química verde
Citation
RODRIGUES, Alana Alves. Síntese, caracterização e avaliação da atividade catalítica de sais fosfomolibdatos de Keggin em reações de valorização de álcoois terpênicos, benzaldeído e ácido levulínico. 2024. 155 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agroquímica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
