Vespas sociais como potenciais bioindicadores de contaminação por metais
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A poluição por metais e material particulado têm aumentado no mundo, estando diretamente associados a atividades antrópicas. Nesse contexto, o uso de organismos vivos como bioindicadores tem se mostrado uma ferramenta importante para avaliar a qualidade ambiental e identificar alterações nos ecossistemas. As vespas sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), devido à sua ampla distribuição e interação com diferentes habitats, apresentam potencial para esse tipo de aplicação. Este estudo avaliou o potencial de vespas sociais como organismos indicadores de poluição ambiental por metais pesados e metaloides. Especificamente foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o uso de vespas sociais como bioindicadoras de metais pesados e análises da presença de metais-traço e metaloides nas vespas Neotropicais Protopolybia sedula e Polybia occidentalis. A revisão sistemática, baseada em buscas em bases de dados científicas, evidenciou que os estudos ainda são limitados e concentrados principalmente na Europa, com foco na análise de indivíduos adultos, sendo chumbo, zinco, cádmio, arsênio e ferro os metais frequentemente analisados, refletindo tanto suas relevâncias ambientais quanto a disponibilidade de métodos analíticos para detecção. No estudo experimental, vespas sociais coletadas em áreas com diferentes níveis de impacto antrópico no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura acoplada à espectroscopia por energia dispersiva. Os resultados indicaram a presença de diversos metais-traço e metaloides na superfície do corpo de indivíduos adultos e em material do ninho, com variações associadas ao tipo de ambiente. Esses resultados reforçam o potencial das vespas sociais neotropicais como bioindicadoras de contaminação por esses elementos, indicando que, assim como espécies do Velho Mundo, esses organismos podem ser efetivamente incorporados em estratégias de monitoramento ambiental. Palavras-chave: metais-traço; metaloides; Polistinae; poluição; Vespinae.
Pollution from metals and particulate matter has been increasing worldwide, and is directly associated with human activities. In this context, the use of living organisms as bioindicators has proven to be an important tool for assessing environmental quality and identifying changes in ecosystems. Social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), due to their wide distribution and interaction with different habitats, have potential for this type of application. This study evaluated the potential of social wasps as indicator organisms for environmental pollution by heavy metals and metalloids. Specifically, a systematic literature review was conducted on the use of social wasps as bioindicators of heavy metals, and analyses of the presence of trace metals and metalloids in the Neotropical wasps Protopolybia sedula and Polybia occidentalis were performed. The systematic review, based on searches in scientific databases, showed that studies are still limited and mainly concentrated in Europe, focusing on the analysis of adult individuals, with lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and iron being the metals frequently analyzed, reflecting both their environmental relevance and the availability of analytical methods for detection. In the experimental study, social wasps collected in areas with different levels of anthropogenic impact in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicated the presence of various trace metals and metalloids on the body surface of adult individuals and in nest material, with variations associated with the type of environment. These results reinforce the potential of Neotropical social wasps as bioindicators of contamination by these elements, indicating that, like Old World species, these organisms can be effectively incorporated into environmental monitoring strategies. Keywords: trace metals; metalloids; Polistinae; pollution; Vespinae.
Pollution from metals and particulate matter has been increasing worldwide, and is directly associated with human activities. In this context, the use of living organisms as bioindicators has proven to be an important tool for assessing environmental quality and identifying changes in ecosystems. Social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), due to their wide distribution and interaction with different habitats, have potential for this type of application. This study evaluated the potential of social wasps as indicator organisms for environmental pollution by heavy metals and metalloids. Specifically, a systematic literature review was conducted on the use of social wasps as bioindicators of heavy metals, and analyses of the presence of trace metals and metalloids in the Neotropical wasps Protopolybia sedula and Polybia occidentalis were performed. The systematic review, based on searches in scientific databases, showed that studies are still limited and mainly concentrated in Europe, focusing on the analysis of adult individuals, with lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic, and iron being the metals frequently analyzed, reflecting both their environmental relevance and the availability of analytical methods for detection. In the experimental study, social wasps collected in areas with different levels of anthropogenic impact in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicated the presence of various trace metals and metalloids on the body surface of adult individuals and in nest material, with variations associated with the type of environment. These results reinforce the potential of Neotropical social wasps as bioindicators of contamination by these elements, indicating that, like Old World species, these organisms can be effectively incorporated into environmental monitoring strategies. Keywords: trace metals; metalloids; Polistinae; pollution; Vespinae.
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SILVA, Eldair Santos da. Vespas sociais como potenciais bioindicadores de contaminação por metais. 2026. 67 f. Tese (Doutorado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
